Women's health - STIs

Question 1

why does HSV and syphilis increase transmission of HIV

Answer 1

breaks in the skin allow for blood product to transmit

Question 2

why is it difficult to control the spread of STIs?

Answer 2

stigma - avoidance of testing

embarrassment- reluctance to seek health care

asymptomatic cases - no cause for concern

ignorance/misinformation

reluctance to have safe sex

difficulty to contact trace

Question 3

what are issues in the health system which increases the difficulty of controlling STI

Answer 3

health services unavailable

little emphasis on education and preventation

inability to offer most effect drugs due to cost

Question 4

what are the routes for transmission of STIs

Answer 4

sex

needle stick injury/ iv drug use

mother to child- pregnancy, childbirth, breast feeding

blood transfusion or organ transplant

fomites (scabies)

Question 5

discharge causing infections

Answer 5

N. gonorrhoea

Chlamydia trachomatis

trichomonas vaginalis

mycoplasma genitalium

Question 6

lesion and genital ulcer causing infection

Answer 6

lymphogranuloma venerum (chlamydia L1-L3)

syphillis

HSV

Mpox

Chancroid

donovanosis

genital warts (HPV)

molluscum contagiosum

Question 7

systemic viral STI

Answer 7

acquired immunodeficiency syndrome

Question 8

what is UPSI

Answer 8

unprotected sexual intercourse

Question 9

will treatment be offered based on symptoms of urethral discharge?

(non specific urethritis)

Answer 9

yes, most often chlamydia.

Question 10

what are the risk factors for chlamydia

Answer 10

under 25
new sexual partner
>1 sexual partner in a year
non condom use

Question 11

what percentage of chlamydia cases are symptomatic

Answer 11

50-70%

Question 12

what arthritis is chlamydia linked to

Answer 12

sexually acquired reactive arthritis
SARA

Question 13

does chlamydia or gonorrhoea present more symptomatically in men?

Answer 13

gonorrhoea has a more symptomatic presentation
<10% is asymptomatic

Question 14

treatment for candida albicans

Answer 14

fluconazole PO
Clotrimazole PV

topical will not treat!! will just reduce and recur

Question 15

treatment for BV

Answer 15

metronidazole PO/PV
or clindamycin PV

Question 16

blood borne virus screening- what would you ask

Answer 16

where are partners from- high prevalence areas

risk taking behaviours eg drug use

men who have sex with men- bisexual partners!

Question 17

which STI is the second leading cause of preventable still birth globally?

Answer 17

syphillis
treponema pallidum

first cause is malaria

Question 18

what is the gold standard of diagnosing syphillis

Answer 18

serological tests- determines if there has ever been an infection of treponema
blood test

rapid plasma reagent- describes if there is an acute infection or not
- less specific, reported as titres, good to record response to treatment

Question 19

what is the treatment for syphilis

Answer 19

penicillins

penicilin allergic or needle decliners
- oral doxycycline 1000mg bd
– early infection 14/7 treatment
– late infection 28/7 treatment

Question 20

what type of virus is HPV

Answer 20

DNA virus

Question 21

what can HPV be to cause cancer?

Answer 21

oncogenic!
14 types classified as high risk and 16 and 18 cause 70% of all cases of cervical cancer