Women's Health

Question 1

3 types of hormones

Answer 1

Peptide- and proteo FSH/GnRH/LH/GH/TSH/Insulin Amine T4/T3/adrenaline/Nor-adrenaline/melatonin Steroids corticoids and sex hormones

Question 2

primary source of gonadal hormones syntethis

Answer 2

males (androgens) testes/adrenal cortex females (estrogens) ovaries/adipose/placenta/adrenal cortex

Question 3

Histology of ovary follicles

Answer 3

Theca externa Theca interna intake of cholesterol and make androstenedione (enters granulosa cells) to make estrone enters circulation to make estradiol Granlosa intake of androstenedione to make estrone which enter antrum (opening of mature follicle) to make estradiol

Question 4

Estradiol

Answer 4

primary estrogen in PREmenopausal women

Question 5

Estrone

Answer 5

metabolite of estrogen primary circulating estrogen AFTER menopause

Question 6

Estriol

Answer 6

metabolite of estradiol less potent primarily during pregnancy

Question 7

sex hormone binding globulin (SHBG)

Answer 7

sex hormones HYDROPHOBIC and travel in blood by protein carriers binding DHT>T>E

Question 8

Estrogen’s 2 nuclear receptors

Answer 8

ERa: derived from ESR1 ERb: derived from ESR2

Question 9

Progesterone 2 nuclear receptors

Answer 9

PR-A PR-B

Question 10

Coactivators

Answer 10

recruited to transcription factors and inc. gene transcription *regulate estrogen and progesterone

Question 11

Corepressors

Answer 11

bind to inactive forms of transcription factors and repress transcription *regulate estrogen and progesterone

Question 12

Effects of Estrogen on Heart Liver Ovary Uterus Vagina Brain Boob Skin Bone

Answer 12

Heart: protect from cholesterol Liver: reduce cholesterol in blood Ovary: produced from growing eggs Uterus: prep for cycle Vagina: MOIST, protect from infection Brain: adj. body temp, increase memory, sex Boob: makes them hooters, prep for milk Skin: young Bone: strengthens and increase density

Question 13

Era

Answer 13

mammary gland/ uterus/ovary/bone/testes/ prostates/liver/adipose/cardio/cns bigger role in mammary gland and uterus and skeletal homeostasis “bad”

Question 14

Erb

Answer 14

prostate/bladder/ovary/colon/adipose/cardio/cns bigger role in CNS and immune “good”

Question 15

Estrogen INC/DEC FSH?

Answer 15

decrease FSH

Question 16

EStrogen INC/DEC angiotensinogen and TBG

Answer 16

increase *normal women retain na and h2o before menstruation

Question 17

Estrogen and Acne MOA

Answer 17

estrogen make sebaceous gland secretions more fluid and counter the effect of testosterone and comedones “black-heads”

Question 18

Estrogen on Cholesterol

Answer 18

lower plasma cholesterol

Question 19

estrogen vasodilate/contrict?

Answer 19

dilate b/c inc. production of NO

Question 20

Estrogens inc/dec on bone resorption?

Answer 20

decrease bone resorption by osteoclasts and maintain with osteoblast

Question 21

Estrogen and Thrombus Formation

Answer 21

Estrogens affect gene transcription of various proteins thus inc clotting factors 2,7,10,12,8, and fibrinogen and decrease factor 5 as net effect of inc. clotting

Question 22

When and where is progesterone secreted

Answer 22

begins in late follicular phase and the corpus luteum makes a lot during luteal phase

Question 23

3 target organs of progesterone

Answer 23

uterus, boobs, brain

Question 24

what causes rise in body temp during ovulation

Answer 24

progesterone is thermogenic

Question 25

which hormone causes natriuresis

Answer 25

progesterone blocks aldosterone

Question 26

which hormone inhibits LH/ and estrogen/ preventing ovulation

Answer 26

progesterone

Question 27

Menopause MOA

Answer 27

ovaries fail to respond to gonadotropins secreted by anterior pituitary glands and cessation of bleeding

Question 28

GnRH interacts with cogante receptor to release which hormones

Answer 28

LH and FSH

Question 29

Answer 29

release of LH and FSH due to “clock” that releases GnRH

Follicular phase (ovarian phase)

• (uterine phases)
• menstrual phase day 1-5
• proliferative phase 5-10 (estrogen)

luteal phase (ovarian phase)

• secretory phase day 15-28 (progesterone and estrogen)

Follicualr phase (ovarian phase)

• menstrual phase day 28-5

Question 30

Early to Mid Follicular Phase feedback phase

Answer 30

Granulosa cells release inhibin with NEGATIVE feedback on FSH

Granulosa cells increase plamsa estrogen for NEG LH secretion and neg GnRH sec.

Question 31

Late Follicular phase feedback regulation

Answer 31

Granulosa Cells incrase estrogen for POSITIVE feedback to increase LH and FSH and GnRH

Question 32

Luteal Phase feedback regulation

Answer 32

Corpus luteum secreation inhibin to NEGATIVE on FSH and estrogen/progesterone to NEGATIVE on LH and GnRh

Question 33

when is human chorionic gonadotropin produced

Answer 33

by placenta after implantation

Question 34

what does hCG do?

Answer 34

promotes the maintenance of corpus luteum during beginning of pregnancy to secrete progesterone during 1st trimester

Question 35

what does progesterone do during pregnacy

Answer 35

stabilizes uterus by enriching it with thick lining of blood vessels and capillaires

Question 36

What is Climacteric period

Answer 36

time during diminishing reproductive function approachingmenopause of low-estrogen

Question 37

Hot Flash MOA

Answer 37

LH is secreted every 30-60 minutes and w/ no gonadal hormones the burst is large which accompanied by a hot flash

Question 38

enzyme aromatase (cyp19)

Answer 38

converts testosterone to estradiol and androstenedione to estrone

Question 39

ovulation in late follucular phase is due to what?

Answer 39

high estrogen output