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Anatomy > Women's Health > Flashcards

Women's Health Flashcards

0
Q

Where is the breast tissue?

A

subcutaneous
overlies pectoarlis major and minor
parts of serratus anterior and external oblique
ribs 2-6

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1
Q

What is the breast?

A

modified sweat gland

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2
Q

What is a lobe?

A

has lobules
has fat in between lobues
compound alveolar glands

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3
Q

What is axillary tail?

A

extra piece that extends over pectoralis major to axilla

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4
Q

What is suspensory ligaments (of cooper)?

A

piece of breast tissue that connect to the skin

skeletal support for the breast

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5
Q

What are the ducts?

A

lobes and lobules are connect to ducts

take the milk from the area its produced to the nipples

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6
Q

What are lobules?

A

clusters of alveoli

produces milk

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7
Q

What is the lactiferous ducts?

A

the largest duct

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8
Q

What is stroma?

A

tissue that surrounds the glandular tissue

ALL THE TISSUE EXCEPT GLANDULAR TISSUE

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9
Q

What is the blood supply for breast - medial mammary?

A

subclavian artery –> internal thoracic artery –> medial mammary branches

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10
Q

What is the lactiferous sinus?

A

DEEP to aerola

dilated region of the lactiferous duct

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11
Q

What is the blood supply - lateral thoracic and thoracoacromial artery?

A

subclavian artery –> axillary artery –> lateral thoracic thoracoacromial artery

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12
Q

What is the blood supply - lateral mammary branches?

A

thoracic aorta –> posterior intercostal artery –> lateral mammary branches

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13
Q

How can cancer spread via blood in breast?

A

connections between intercostal veins and vertebral plexus which goes to bones and nervous system

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14
Q

What is the breast lymphatic drainage?

A

very important because that is how PRIMARY cancer spreads b/c 75% of drainage goes through axillary lymph nodes

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15
Q

What are the breast quadrants?

A 
superior lateral
superior medial
inferior lateral
inferior medial
4 total
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16
Q

How can breast cancer spread?

A

medial quadrants drain into the parasternal breast lymph nodes
OR
contralateral breast lymph nodes
lower quadrants can drain into abdominal lymph nodes

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17
Q

What is the uterus?

A

hollow ‘pear shaped’ that looks like an inverted triangle w/ Fallopian tubes attached at the corners

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18
Q

Parts of the uterus?

A

body - main part
fundus - rounded top
cervix - narrow neck that projects into vagina
isthmus - narrow region between BODY and CERVIX
external OS - opening into vagina
internal OS - opening into uterus

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19
Q

Is external OS and internal OS different holes?

A

NO - one continuous hole

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20
Q

What are the layers of the uterus?

A

perimetrium - visceral periotoneum
myometerium - smooth muscle (main layer)
endometrium - inner layer; part is shed w/ menses

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21
Q

What is the endometrium - uterus?

A

glandular tissue AND stroma

2 main layers - basal and (spongiosa layer + compact epithelial cell) –> functionalis (shed during the menstural cycle)

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22
Q

How does the cell grow after the menstural cycle?

A

from the basal layer

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23
Q

What is the cervix?

A

lower narrow part of the uterus that opens into the vagina

cervical OS opens to the cervix

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24
Q

What is the broad ligament?

A

part of the peritoneum

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25
Q

What are the subdivision of the broad ligament?

A

Mesometrium - lateral suppose - uterus
Meoverium - ovary
Mesosalpinx - uterine tube

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26
Q

What is the round ligament?

A

structure that helps support the uterus
run through the deep inguinal ring –> inguinal canal –> superficial inguinal ring –> attaches to genitalia/labia majora

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27
Q

What is the transverse cervical ligament?

A

aka cardinal ligaments /Mckenrodt’s ligament

attaches to the lateral side of the cervix and superior portion of the vagina –> attaches to the lateral wall of pelvic

28
Q

What is the uterine tube?

A

aka oviduct/Fallopian tube
receives the oocyte AFTER ovulation
it is the SITE of fertilization

29
Q

What are the parts of the uterine tube/ oviduct/ Fallopian tube?

A

infundibulum w/ fimbrae
ampulla
isthmus
uterine portion

30
Q

What is the fimbriae?

A

fringe like tissues near the ovary and leading to the Fallopian tube

31
Q

What complications can occur at the uterine tube/oviduct/fallopian tube?

A

ectopic pregnancy b/c the fertilization occurs here
PID can cause scarring
infertility (d/t scarring)
gonorrhea/chlamydia?

32
Q

What are the ovaries?

A

sie of an almond
MAKE the female hormones (esterogen and poregesterone)
releases ova –> controls female body characteristics, menstural cycle, pregnancy

33
Q

What is the ovary?

A

female gonad

oocyte released at ovulation

34
Q

What does the ovary support?

A

suspensory ligament - to lateral body wal

proper ovarian ligament - ovary to uterus

35
Q

What is the strucutre of an ovary - cycle?

A

primoridal follicle –> primary follicle –> oocyte –> secondary follice –> ONE becomes mature and releases oocytes in ovulation –> ANOTHER turns into corpus luteum –> corpus luteum does NOT get signal then dies and becomes corpus albicans –> corpurs lutuem releases progesterone

36
Q

What does the follicles make?

A

andorgens and esterogen

37
Q

Draw what haps the hormones during the 28 day period.

A

FSH - high at ovulation
Estradiol - high right before ovulation
LH - high at ovulation
Progesterone - high at the luteal phase

38
Q

When does ovulation phase occur?

A

day 14 - half way

39
Q

How long does the luteal phase last?

A

4-5days

40
Q

What signal tells the corpus luteum to make progesterone during pregnancy/

A

hCG

41
Q

What is the adnexa? Abnormality?

A

region of the pelvis includes: Fallopian tube, ovary, broad ligament
infertility

42
Q

What is the vagina?

A

birth canal
receives the sperm
opening of the urethra and anus
anterior, posterior, lateral fornix-recesses around cervix

43
Q

What is the pelvic diaphragm floor?

A

funnel shaped
separates pelvic cavity from perineum
levator ani mm
coccygeus m

44
Q

What are the muscles of the levator ani?

A

puborectalis
pubococcgyeus
iliococcygeus

45
Q

What is the purpose of levator ani?

A

so the organs don’t get pushed out when abdominal pressure increases

46
Q

What pelvic muscles do BOTH males and females have?

A

leavtor ani and cocygeus m

47
Q

What is the urogential triangle?

A

pubic symphysis, ischiopubic ramus

48
Q

What is w/in the urogenital triangle?

A

urethra and extrnal genitalia

49
Q

What is the anal triangle?

A

coccyx, ischial tuberosity, sacrotuberous ligament

50
Q

What is w/in the anal triangle?

A

anus

51
Q

What is the perineal body?

A

central tendon of perineum

52
Q

What the perineal body attach/border?

A

posterior border of vagina
anterior border of external anal sphincter
attachment of UG diaphragm and external anal sphincter

53
Q

What is episiotomy?

A

surgical incision for perineum and vaginal wall
decreases trauma to the pelvic diaphragm and perineum
*easier to fix a CUT muscle than a TORN muscle

54
Q

What nerves innervate the ischiocavernosus, bulbospongiosus, and superficial transverse perineal m?

A

pudenal –> perineal nerve

S2-S4

55
Q

What is the labium majus - labia majora?

A

folds of skin that extend backwards from the mons pubis
= to the scrotum in males
merge into perineum in front of the anus
outer surface –> hair
inner surface is smooth and moistened by secretion
labia majora has apocrine glands

56
Q

What is the vulva?

A

external female genitalia

57
Q

What is labiium mins - labia minora?

A

NO hair
NO fat
but VERY vascular –> turgid during sex

58
Q

What is the vestibule?

A

part of the vulva

enclosed by the labia minora

59
Q

What is the mons pubis?

A

rounded fatty mass
covered w/ hair and coarse skin
has glands
lubrication during sex

60
Q

What are the important openings of the vestibule?

A

1) external urethral opening

2) vaginal opening

61
Q

What is the crus of the clitoris?

A

continuous of the clitoris

attached to the pubis arch

62
Q

What is the clitoris?

A

anterior apex of the vestibule
formed by the corpus cavernosum
covered by clitoris hood
= to foreskin in males

63
Q

What is the vestibular bulbs?

A

aka clitoris bulbs
composed of the erectile tissue
= bulb of penis and corpus cavernosum in males

64
Q

What are the bartholins glands?

A

pea sized glands
inside the vestibule
produce mucoid secretion during sex to lubricate the vagina and cervix

65
Q

What are the Skene’s glands?

A

aka paraurtheral glands or lesser vestibular glands

= prostate in males

66
Q

Where does the pudenal nerve come from?

A

sacral plexus: s2-s4 ventral rami

67
Q

Pudenal nerve is motor or sensory?

A

BOTH

sensory: sensation to the external genitalia

Anatomy (11 decks)

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