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Anatomy > GI > Flashcards

GI Flashcards

1
Q

Pharynx parts?

A
  • nasopharynx
  • oropharynx
  • laryngopharynx
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2
Q

Where is the nasopharynx?

A
  • superior to soft palate

- posterior to nose

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3
Q

Where is oropharynx

A

posterior to mouth

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4
Q

Where is the laryngopharynx?

A

posterior to pharynx

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5
Q

What is the epiglottis?

A

helps get food down into the esophagus

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6
Q

What is the esophagus goal?

A

pathway to get food down to the stomach–> RAPID TRANSPORT

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7
Q

What is the esophagus?

A
  • thoracic organ

- travels through the diaphragm

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8
Q

What is the periteoneum?

A
  • mesentery
  • mesogastrium
  • transverse mesocolon
  • sigmoid mesocolon
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9
Q

What is the mesentery?

A
  • double layer of peritoneum enclosing organ
  • ATTACHES TO THE ABDOMINAL WALL
  • ANCHORING POINT for the GI organs so they don’t move around too much but still able to move
  • has blood and fat
  • VERY SPECIFIC TO JEJUNUM AND SI
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10
Q

What is the transverse mesocolon?

A

surrounds the transverse colon (fxn is the same as mesentery)

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11
Q

What is the sigmoid mesoclon?

A

surounds the sigmoid colon (fxn is the same as mesentery)

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12
Q

What is the omentum?

A
  • double sheet of the peritoneum
  • greater omentum
  • lesser omentum
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13
Q

What is the greater omentum?

A
  • hangs off the GREATER CURVATURE & TRANSVERSE COLON
  • attaches to stomach (like an apron)
  • has fat, BV, lymphatic
  • can migrate to help isolate infxn in the stomach
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14
Q

What is the lesser omentum?

A

-attaches to LESSER CURVATURE & PROXIMAL DUODENUM

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15
Q

What is the hepatoduodenal ligament?

A

-connects to first part of SI and liver

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16
Q

What is the hepatogastric ligament?

A

-connects to stomach and liver

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17
Q

What is the omental bursa?

A
  • compartment between stomach and posterior abdominal wall
  • omental foramen
  • infxn can’t get out so it can start growing here
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18
Q

What is the omental foramen?

A
  • Anterior: portal triad
  • Posterior: IVC, right crus of the diaphragm (leg like piece of the lumbar vertebrae)
  • Superior: caudate lobe of the liver
  • Inferior: duodenum and portal triad
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19
Q

What are the retroperitoneal organs?

A
  • duodenum
  • ascending/ descending colon
  • pancreas
  • kidneys
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20
Q

What does retroperitoneal mean?

A
  • behind peritoneum

- anterior surface covered in peritoneum: they are NOT enclosed in the peritoneum

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21
Q

What is a hiatal hernias?

A

-part of the stomach and esophagus that comes up and gets pinched

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22
Q

What does the stomach do?

A
  • mechanical churning
  • secretes hydorcloric acid
    • pH 1-3 –> burns your esophagus when you throw up
  • peptide digestion starts here
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23
Q

What are the parts of the stomach?

A
  • cardiac region
  • fundus
  • body
  • pyloris
  • greater curvature
  • lesser curvature
  • rugae
  • pyloric sphincter
24
Q

What is rugae?

A

-relaxes whens stomach is empty, distends when stomach is full

25
Q

What is the pyloric sphincter?

A
  • rings of muscles

- regulates passage from the stomach to the small intestine

26
Q

What is pyloric stenosis?

A
  • congenital defect
  • narrowing of the pyloric sphincter
  • causes babies to vomit b/c it can’t get out rectally
27
Q

What is small intestine?

A
  • dudoenum, jejunum, ileum
  • most digestion occurs here
  • region of alkaline hydrolysis, absorption, and transportation
28
Q

What is the ampulla of vater?

A

exocrine secretion of the pancreas enter the SI here

29
Q

What is the duodenum?

A
  • retropertineal

- pancreas head sits in the duodenum

30
Q

What is the jejunum?

A
  • intrapertineal

- long straight arteries w/ one tier of arcade

31
Q

What is the ileum?

A
  • longest portion of the SI
  • intraperitoneal
  • short arteries w/ many tiers of arcade
32
Q

What is the large intestine?

A
  • teniae cli
  • haustrum
  • omental appendices
33
Q

What is the teniae coli?

A

-longitudinal lines that run along descending, transverse, and ascending colon

34
Q

What is the ahstura

A

outpocking of the colon

35
Q

What is the omental appendices?

A

fat cpoushes

36
Q

What is the ileocecal valve?

A

food fromthe small intestine to the large intestine?

37
Q

What is the ascending colon?

A

retroperinteal

38
Q

What is the transverse colon?

A

intraperitoneal

39
Q

What it he descending colon?

A

retroperitneal

40
Q

What is the cecum?

A

intraperitoneal

41
Q

What is the sigmoid colon?

A

intraperitonea

42
Q

What is the colon’s job?

A

water reabsorption cocurs

43
Q

What is diverticulosis/diverticulitis?

A
  • outpouchings that looks like blisters

- food can get caught into the outpouchings that can be very painful

44
Q

What is the rectum?

A
  • sigmoid colon empties into the rectum
  • pelvic organ: false pelvis
  • pectinate/dentate line: blood supply and nerve supply is different from above and below the line
45
Q

Above the pectinate line: artery?

A

superior rectal artery that comes from the inferior mesenteric artery

46
Q

Above the pectinate line: venous?

A

superior rectal vein –> inferior mesenteric vein –> splenic vein –> hepatic portal vein (liver for processing)

47
Q

Above the pectinate line: nerve?

A
  • parasympathetic: pelvic splanchnics

- sympathetic: superior hypogastric plexus

48
Q

Below the pectinate line: artery?

A

inferior rectal artery from internal pudendal

49
Q

Below the pectinate line: venous?

A

inferior rectal vein –> internal pudendal vein –> internal iliac vein –> common iliac vein –> IVC

50
Q

What are hemorrhoids?

A
  • prolapse of the rectal plexus veins
  • internal or external
  • pregnancy, constipation, increased intrabdominal pressure
51
Q

What are the accessory organs of digestion?

A
  • liver
  • gall bladder
  • pancreas
52
Q

What is the liver?

A
  • makes bile
  • detoxifies blood (takes care of drugs in the body)
  • Processes nutrients (glucose –> glycogen; amino acids –> plasma proteins)
  • stores fat-soluble, vitamins
  • removes debris
  • almost all covered by the ribs
53
Q

What is the coronary ligament (liver)?

A

visceral peritoneum that is attached to live rand diaphragm

54
Q

What is the bare area of the liver?

A
  • NO visceral peritoneum

- direct contact w/ diaphragm

55
Q

What is the falciform ligament (liver)?

A
  • attached to anterior abdominal wall

- in between left and right lobes of liver

56
Q

What is the ligamentum teres (liver)?

A

-was the umbilical vein
-Posterior: caudate (higher)
Quadrate lobe: inferior and smaller (next to gall bladder)

Anatomy (11 decks)

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