Women Politics Gilded Age Flashcards
Outline prohibition movement’s growth.
Temperance – 1873 Women’s Crusade inspired formation of temperance movement. Susan B Anthony and Elizabeth Cady Stanton formed WCTU which Frances Willard later took control of. 7000 branches across US. By 1890 had 150,000 members and after Willard’s death Anti Saloon League and WCTU formed alliances. 1913 9 states enacted prohibition laws. By 1917 the legislation to nationally prohibit alcohol was passed, and received the required number of legislatures by 1919. Revoked in 1933 by Roosevelt.
When was prohibition introduced and when was it revoked?
Prohibition Act introduced in 1920, revoked in 1933 as prohibition was highlighted to encourage crime.
How did women work in north for political opportunity?
Charity Organisation Society became outlet for energies of urban women and they administered local charities, influencing local government through being appointed. Pushed for pension legislation in 1900s to protect divorced/widowed women, and in 1880s 400 settlement houses built in cities for activities.
What were efforts in South and West for political rights?
In 1870s falling prices and rise of railways hurt small and medium sized farms. In 1881 Populist Party formed to represent farmers in South and West who were hurt by business and Grange Movement/Farmers’ Alliance grew. Elizabeth Lease became an orator and female activists And with her led protests. In 1883 Native American women formed Women’s National Indian Association for Native American Rights.
How did women become distanced from abolition movement?
Women helped form the American Equal Rights Association in 1866 but when abolitionists achieved the 14th and 15th amendments feminists felt increasingly distanced as African Americans were prioritised and suffrage overlooked. Susan B Anthony helped form American Equal Rights Association in 1866 and set up journal the Revolution. Worked with Elizabeth Cady Stanton who tried to obtain rights for divorced women to access children, property rights for married women, and secure suffrage.
What was Hull House?
In 1889 Jane Addams formed Hull House, Chicago, inspired by Toynbee Hall in London’s slums. Provided English classes for Italians, a nursery, and educated women became involved. 1895, 50 houses. Politicians pushed to address slum housing.Systematic studies of city housing conditions published and politicians had pressure to enforce sanitary regulation.
What was NCL?
Florence Kelley formed National Consumers League, 1899. Pressure to improve wages for female sales clerks with local business and protective legislation for women and children in work. Set up by women of Hull House. White Label offered to employers who met standards and boycotts for noncompliant companies.
Which two organisations formed NAWSA?
In 1869 Elizabeth Cady Stanton and Susan B Anthony formed the National Woman Suffrage Association, NWSA. A rival organisation was the American Woman Suffrage Association, AWSA, led by Lucy Stone. AWSA had less national goals, included men, and aimed to achieve local state legislature vote. The two formed the National American Woman Suffrage Association, NAWSA, in 1890 but splits weakened cause. More focus on temperance.. By 1915 had 100,000 members but only ½ of temperance people supported it. In 1900 Carrie Chapman Catt gained control and used lobbying and leaflets to raise awareness to women’s cause.
Which states were first two to introduce vote for women? How many states protected widowed women in voting?
In 1869 Wyoming gave vote followed by Utah, 1870, as Mormons wanted to show that polygamy didn’t mean women had no rights. 1880s-90s 20 states provided legislation giving widowed women with school age children opportunity to vote but they faced resistance. Women sought more domestic issues to gain political volume such as temperance and social reform.
How were women punished for vote attempts?
1871-2 Susan B Anthony and 150 women tried to vote, but were arrested and tried for electoral malpractice. Fined and denied right to speak. In 1875 Virginia Minor tried to sue Missouri for denying her voting rights but Supreme Court said women did not have national voting rights. By 1890 8 states held votes on female vote, all defeated. Before 1912 only Colorado and Idaho allowed women vote in all 33 states of campaign. Women shifted to defending right to vote as they could discuss domestic issues.
What opposition did women’s voting face?
In 1911 National Association Opposed to Woman Suffrage formed. Supported by journal Remonstrance, argued that women would lose value of family and their status as angels of hearth. Catholics saw suffrage to weaken family and Southern Democrats feared female vote would lead to labour law introduction or women voting against Jim Crow restrictions. Women’s vote limited as there were divides over which women should vote and Southern organisations resisted introduction of AA women.
When was the Congressional Union formed?
By 1913 Alice Paul and Lucy Burns formed Congressional Union, inspired by suffragette campaign in UK. By 1916 this became the National Women’s Party. More militant.
When was 19th Amendment passed?
By 1918 NAWSA achieved 20 states giving women the right to vote in state elections. Women on the Home Front during WWI led to President Wilson in 1918 calling for a Constitutional Amendment, given in 1919. The Nineteenth Amendment was set in 1920 when 36 states ratified it.
What was the NACW?
National Association for Coloured Women, NACW, set up in Washington DC, in 1896. By 1915 the NACW had 50,000 members, with civil rights top priority. Ida B Wells a key figure. By 1918 the group had 300,000 members. Ida B Wells refused to offer seat to white man on train 1884 and wrote for New York Age after threats made her move from South. In March 1913 refused to stay out of suffrage parade for Wilson’s inauguration.
