1960s-90s Government Actions Flashcards
What actions did Nixon commit?
- 1972 Indian Education Act increased funding for Indians on schools, including reservation schools.
- Native American nations regained recognition and could access courts.
- Pledges were made to return land of Indians such as Makah, Taos Pueblo, and Yakama Indians.
- Louis R Bruce Jr was made Commissioner for Indian Affairs and affirmative action was introduced to appointments in the BIA.
- Although the BIA continued to contain people with vested interest this was a start.
What did Ford do for Native Americans?
- 1975 Indian Self-Determination Act, allowed Native Americans responsibility over education, health, and social care with federal funding.
- Indian Education Assistance Act of 1975 which allowed Native Americans to be more involved in education of their children.
What did Carter do for Native Americans?
- 1978 Native American Religious Freedom Act allowed Native Americans rights to follow traditional religion and use sacred objects and rituals.
- 1978 Child Welfare Act – regulated forced removal of Native American children from tribes as social workers had seen tribal practise as neglect.
What was NARF?
1970 NARF, Native American Rights Fund, established which trained legal specialists with interest in Native American issues and was responsible for cases before the Supreme Court.
How did Red Power push pressure on government?
Red Power movement pursued native sovereignty, power for tribes to live on their lands according to laws, religion, and customs. Red Power pushed for supreme court to defend claims for restoration of land and fishing rights which were taken away when dams and hydroelectric power plants were constructed.
What was US v Sioux Nation?
1980 United States v Sioux Nation – gave Sioux major compensation for their loss of lands in the Black Hills of Dakota, offered $17.5 million and 5% interest since 1877, giving another $106 million. Inspired tribes to request more, BUT Sioux rejected compensation, preferring land to be returned.
What was Seminole v Butterworth?
1982 Seminole v Butterworth – allowed Seminole right to establish gambling enterprises on their land. Went against state law but ruled that Native Americans had own rights on their land.
What was Charrier v Bell?
1986 – Charrier v Bell – remains dug from burial grounds in Louisiana belonged to Native Americans. States passed laws protecting Native American burial grounds.
Supreme Court actions established respect for tribal traditions, and encouraged recovery of Native American lands alongside giving tribes rights for self determination.
