Women civil rights - 1865-1960 Flashcards

1
Q

What is significance of prohibition?

A
  • meant greater participation in public life for women.
  • gained experience in publicity and mobilising support for a national cause.
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2
Q

WCTU growth stats?

A
  • 1880s: 160,000 members
    1920: 800,000 members
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3
Q

Who led the WCTU?

A

Frances Willard - successful in persuading local legislatures to ban alcohol.

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4
Q

How did the 14th + 15th amendment (abolitionism) affect women?

A

Neither the 14th or 15th referred to women in its rhetoric

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5
Q

What is the significance of abolitionism on women?

A

Abolitionists felt African Americans commanded their first responsibility, not women.

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6
Q

What is the NWSA?

A

the National Women Suffrage Association. (1869)

  • formed by Susan B. Anthony and Elizabeth Stanton
  • specifically focused on women’s suffrage - no ties with abolitionism.
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7
Q

What is the AWSA?

A
  • The old link with abolitionism was maintained - viewed 18th amendment as progress
  • Led by Lucy Stone
  • They included men.
  • Suffrage cause was weakened by their divide, as they had different strategies.
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8
Q

How were the NWSA and AWSA different?

A

AWSA were a one-issue organisation whereas NWSA took a broader view, and opposed male domination in a number of spheres.

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9
Q

How was there early progress in some states for suffrage?

A

allowed some women to
vote:

  • Wyoming in 1869,
  • Utah in 1870,
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10
Q

How were the Amendments challenged?

A
  • Susan B. Anthony and 150 other women tried to vote in 1872 elections
  • They voted then were arrested for malpractice.
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11
Q

Which supreme court ruling stopped women from voting

A

Minor v. Happersett (1875)

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12
Q

How was WW1 important economically in the development of women’s rights?

A
  • war increased economic activity - meant that women’s contribution to the workforce was important - 11k joined the navy
  • similar to the civil war, they gained financial independence, then lost it when men returned
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13
Q

What is the LWV?

A

The NAWSA changed into the League of Women voters (1920),

  • persuaded women to vote
  • only 5-10% of the NAWSA members joined the LWV.
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14
Q

What regulation of women working was there?

A
  • Fair Labour standards Act (1938)
    new minimum wage + max hours
  • By 1900, 36% of states had regulated
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15
Q

How did Eleanor Roosevelt help women rights?

A
  • The first lady pushed for more women in public office.
  • Women were significantly represented by the New Deal, because it was thought social reform was appropriate for them, but still faced problems.
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16
Q

How did the New Deal still show problems?

A
  • Pensions assumed that the men worked and women looked after the home.
  • There was no attempt to secure equal wages.
17
Q

How did WW2 show employment change?

A
  • More women went to work.
  • Restrictions to protect men’s jobs removed
  • propaganda gave the impression of considerable expansion of opportunity and responsibility for women,
18
Q

How did WW2 show political change?

A
  • Women in state legislatures increased from 144 to 228.
19
Q

What were the losses after the war?

A
  • (1946) 2 million women were fired from heavy industry
  • 800,000 lost their jobs in 1945.
  • those employed had to accept lower pay and status, and exclusion from key jobs.
20
Q

what was the Equal Rights amendment

A
  • proposed in (1923)
  • would explicitly prohibit sexual discrimination
  • Passed congress In (1972) - ratified by 35/38 states needed