African Americans - organisations

Question 1

What is the Ku Klux Klan aim?

Answer 1

• undermine Republican Domination of the South.

Question 2

What is the scale of violence of the KKK? 60s

Answer 2

2000 deaths / injuries (Louisiana alone) in the runup to 1968 election.

Question 3

Why did the KKK decline in the 1870s?

Answer 3

• Grant was prepared to suspend Habeas Corpus (unlawful prisonment) and use federal troops to supress violence

Question 4

How was the KKK revived in the 20th century ?

Answer 4

*Reborn 1915 -“a birth of a nation” - portraying them as heroic against black control.

Question 5

What resistance was there from the judicial system - Emmett?

Answer 5

Despite the men being identified they were not convicted by an all-white jury.

Question 6

how did white people try to perpetuate segregation?

Answer 6

In the South, White Citizen’s Councils were formed, opposed to desegregation following Brown v Topeka.

• members were middle class and used their economic power and violence to discourage AAs using their rights.

Question 7

members of the NAACP?

Answer 7

Du Bois, Ida Wells, and Liberal white social reformers.

Question 8

What did the NAACP do (local level)?

Answer 8

• It established 50 local branches,
• journal (the crisis) written by Du bois
• set up marches against race riots

Question 9

What are the limitations of the NAACP?

Answer 9

• emphasis on legal challenges against voting restrictions- not economic / social

Question 10

What are the achievements of the NAACP?

Answer 10

• (1957) Little Rock nine.
• (1954) Brown v board , but couldn’t actually enforce it.
• March on washington (1963)

Question 11

What are the achievements of the NAACP - Rosa Parks?

Answer 11

• They issued 52,000 leaflets after Rosa was arrested, calling for a bus boycott (montgomary)
• introduced idea of using organisation and economic pressure

Question 12

What is CORE? (Congress of racial equality)

Answer 12

• (1947) Freedom Rides
• (1961 ride) lead to Kennedy desegregating interstate transport.

Question 13

What is the Council of Federated Organisations?

Answer 13

included: CORE, NAACP, SCLC and SNCC

• increase voter registration in the south, (1962)

Question 14

What is the SNCC?

Student Non-violent Coordinating Committee.

Answer 14

Student Non-violent Coordinating Committee.

• Participated in Sit-ins, led to integrated dining facilities in the south

Question 15

What was the change to the civil rights movement? 60s

Answer 15

• After the Civil rights acts (1964) - increasing racial tension
• The mood changed from cooperation to isolation and confrontation.
• SNCC and CORE began making more radical political demands.

Question 16

What is the Black Panther movement?

Answer 16

• Founded by Newton and Seale, 1966.
• Openly carried weapons and defence groups formed against police brutality.

Question 17

What are the aims of Black Panther?

Answer 17

• Economic equality - Compensation through land and housing.
• Separate juries for black people and protection from police intimidation.

Question 18

What are the limitations of Black Panther?

Answer 18

• led to some whites being scared of, but this might have then led them to more moderate groups like the SCLC.
• It did give rise to more confidence and black pride.