Women

Question 1

1900 - education and workforce stats?

Answer 1

50/50 high school graduates and women are 17% of the total workforce

Question 2

1920 how many women working?

Answer 2

3.4 million - but women have no legal rights protecting them in the workplace

Question 3

Which organisation set up in 1899 campaigned for the rights of women in the workplace?

Answer 3

National Consumer League NCL - want to improve wages + protective legislation for women and children + pressure on the government to provide aid for mothers and children

Question 4

When was the Women’s Christian Temperance Union founded?

Answer 4

1874 - drunken men threatened the home, the women’s place as well as arguing it on a religious basis

Question 5

Which two suffrage organisations were formed in 1869?

Answer 5

NWSA - Stanton and Anthony AWSA - Lucy Stone

Question 6

In 1890 which two suffrage organisations merged and what did they become?

Answer 6

NWSA and AWSA - NAWSA

Question 7

What did NAWSA do?

Answer 7

The tactics were to lobby politicians, distribute leaflets and hold marches. However consisted of white middle-class women not appealing to African-Americans as Stanton (the leader) was racist and was against the black vote and them generally. Evidence of internal divisions

Question 8

What did NAWSA do and how did it do it?

Answer 8

Pivotal in passing the 19th amendment - its aims was to convince the public a female vote was a positive amendment to the constitution. It achieve this through recruiting celebrities to draw attention to the cause and using the media as a focal point for campaign.

Question 9

Which organisation was set up in 1913 to attempt to achieve the vote?

Answer 9

Congressional Union for Women’s Suffrage - set up by Alice Paul, A militant activist who organised mass them straightens but received a prison sentence - weakens plight

Question 10

Conclusion of 1865-1914

Answer 10

Significant change in American economy however only gives opportunities to unmarried white women as society demands them to be in the home. Right to vote gained however little use. Socially and economically there is little change for women.

Question 11

What did the 1920s bring?

Answer 11

Industrialisation brought more jobs for unmarried women. Emergence of the flappers, liberal women evidence of changing society. Better technology meant easier life for women in the home and more time to work

Question 12

Job opportunities in the 1920s stats

Answer 12

Working class married women increased their present in the workforce from 22.8% to 28.8%. Women entering the workforce increased by 2 million but men in the workforce show resentment towards female factory workers

Question 13

1930s union membership

Answer 13

Female union membership increased from 265,000 to 800,000. Unions for women were exclusively white

Question 14

1870 - percentage of unmarried women working?

Answer 14

13%

Question 15

What was the result of the 1929 Wall Street crash?

Answer 15

End of the 1921 Shepherdstown act providing maternity pay. Also meant opportunities for women in the workplace quickly receded

Question 16

Attitudes to women working 1936

Answer 16

1936 Gallup poll suggest 86% were against women working. Society demands them to be in the home

Question 17

Three acts of Roosevelt’s new deal

Answer 17

Social Security act 1935 - welfare benefits for poor families benefited married women
Aid to dependent children 1935 - helped women with young families who couldn’t work but had to go through humiliating application
fair labour standards act 1938 - set minimum wage levels

Question 18

How many women in politics were there in 1939?

Answer 18

Nine, Frances Perkins was one of them appointed in 1933 to be one of Roosevelts cabinet. However the negative reaction highlighted the entrance to prejudice of politicians and businessmen

Question 19

When were and what were the Comstock laws?

Answer 19

1873 made the sale and distribution of contraception illegal

Question 20

Who and when set up the first birth control clinic?

Answer 20

Margaret sanger 1916 but was closed by police

Question 21

What birth control organisation was established in 1921

Answer 21

American Birth Control League ABCL - 27,500 members by 1924

Question 22

First legal birth control clinic?

Answer 22

1923 Financial backing from John D Rockefeller met with powerful opposition from religious organisations and politicians

Question 23

When did the Comstock laws end?

Answer 23

1938 but still no recognition for women to choose - illegal backstreet abortions continued for many especially poorer women

Question 24

When was and what was on the 18th amendment?

Answer 24

1917 bands alcohol

Question 25

AAPA?

Answer 25

Association against the probation amendment 1918 - divisions amongst women

Question 26

Anti-saloon league?

Answer 26

Established in 1893 used successful lobbying tactics and propaganda

Question 27

WONPR?

Answer 27

Women’s organisation for National probation reform formed in 1929 - Pauline Sabine led to the movement - 1.5 million members by 1931 Helen rallies and lobbied eventually resulting in the 21st Amendment in 1933 ending probation. Female involvement in this was crucial to its passing

Question 28

Conclusions to the prohibition campaign? Summary

Answer 28

Although successful did nothing to improve rights for women especially not that position and role in society. Show the protection of the home was what was most important for American women. But also showed it when women worked collaboratively changes could happen and that they could be a force to be reckoned with

Question 29

Conclusions 1915-40?

Answer 29

Little civil rights progress made still great prejudice amongst society opportunities for women remains limited

Question 30

World War II employment statistics?

Answer 30

By 1945 5 million more women working than in 1940.
350,000 women join the armed forces broadening their horizons.
75% of women wanted to remain in jobs.

Question 31

Social climate towards women at the end of the war? Legislation?

Answer 31

Huge propaganda campaign to encourage women back into the home.
Evident through the GI bill of rights in 1944 encouraging X servicemen access to higher education and provided funding so men pushed women out of the job market and ensured they retained the higher jobs

Question 32

Employment stats in 1960?

Answer 32

Twice as many women working in 1960 and 1940 perhaps due to the economic change in the USA and the emergence of the service industry (1950 as well)

Question 33

What did the Civil Rights act of 1964 do?

Answer 33

Banned discrimination due to gender. Equal Employment Opportunity Commission failed to satisfy demand of women for equality. Example would be the airline hostesses being sacked at 32

Question 34

1963 contribution to new feminism?

Answer 34

Betty Friedan the feminine mystique, compares life at home to living in a suburban concentration camp

Question 35

NOW

Answer 35

Formed in 1966 by Betty Friedan. Use lawsuits the file for change and tackle discrimination. in 1968 it became more aggressive

Question 36

NARAL

Answer 36

National Association for The repeal of abortion laws. Divisions in the women’s movement became deeper and anti-feminism began to rise

Question 37

How many women were in politics in 1969?

Answer 37

11

Question 38

Conclusions 1941 to 1969

Answer 38

Women only occupied Lopresti jobs and no powerful political voice for females however there was a notable change in cultural belief surrounding Women in the workplace and at home

Question 39

Magazine in 1972

Answer 39

Gloria Steinem’s Ms - feminist magazine changing attitudes of young women towards being in the workplace

Question 40

When was and what happened because of the Roe vs Wade Supreme Court case?

Answer 40

1973 if that was the woman’s right to legal abortion. Turning point

Question 41

Equal rights Amendment details

Answer 41

Passed in 1972 but not ratified. Thanks to Phillis Schlafly anti-feminist. Had it been passed constitutionally women would,be equal to men on every basis

Question 42

When was the equal pay act?

Answer 42

1964

Question 43

Clinton’s presidency

Answer 43

Gave women huge opportunities in politics

Question 44

When was there equal credit opportunity act

Answer 44

1974

Question 45

What and when was whole house founded?

Answer 45

1889 social centre for immigrant families

Question 46

When was the National Association of coloured women set up?

Answer 46

1896, created by Ida B Wells, centred on attaining the vote passing antilynching legislation and focusing on education