Trade unions

Question 1

KOL

Answer 1

Knights of labour 1869

Question 2

KOL aims?

Answer 2

Wanted eight hour day, equal pay for women, abolition of child labour. Working through reform based strategies rather than using strikes

Question 3

KOL members?

Answer 3

Aimed to unite skilled at unskilled workers welcoming women and blacks

Question 4

KOL demise?

Answer 4

Membership fell due to a slump in the economy and after the Haymarket affair (1886)
Internal divisions led to unions joining the “wobblies”

Question 5

The Wobblies

Answer 5

Industrial workers of the world

Question 6

Wobblies methods and demise

Answer 6

More minutes and using violence and sabotage

1924 led to internal divisions which broke its strength

Question 7

AFL method and people

Answer 7

American Federation of labour 1886
Replaced Knights of Labour
Links all unions working through reform and strike based methods

Question 8

1890 - act

Answer 8

Sherman anti-trust act
Antimonopoly act designed to protect the interests of small traders
Declared illegal any combination attempting to stop trade therefore making unions illegal

Question 9

1895 Strike

Answer 9

Pullman Strike
Army and marshals sent in as President Cleveland wanted the trains moving again
Violated the Sherman anti-trust act
Restricting right to act

Question 10

1895 Supreme Court case

Answer 10

US vs E.C. Knight
Allowed big companies to control trade clearing the way for the monopolies to develop
Monopolies restrict the rights of workers

Question 11

1902 - Strike

Answer 11

Coal Strike by the United Mineworkers
Theodore Roosevelt gave in to the demands of the miners offering higher wages and shorter hours
However he did not include recognition of the unions as a bargaining tool

Question 12

Supreme Court case 1905

Answer 12

Lochner versus New York
Deemed a new York law setting maximum working hours was unconstitutional and that it is a violation of the 14th Amendment
Beginning of the Lochner era

Question 13

1908 supreme Court case

Answer 13

Loewe v Lawler
In 1902 Hatters Union boycotted hats made by non-union company
Court ruled the union was responsible and had to pay damages of $252,130
Set precedent for further prosecutions
Right to act and exist restrained

Question 14

1914 act

Answer 14

Clayton anti-trust act
And it the Sherman anti-trust act
Positive for unions

Question 15

1917 act

Answer 15

Espionage act
Industrial workers of the world repressed using this act
Treated as spies
Fear fuelled by the fear of communism due to Russian Revolution

Question 16

1922 injunction

Answer 16

Daugherty injunction
Following a row Road strike the Supreme Court is she the sweeping injunction against striking, Assembling, picketing and a variety of other union activities
Restrains the right to act

Question 17

1932 act

Answer 17

Norris- La Guardia act
Positive-outlawed yellow dog contracts
Enables workers to form labour unions without employer interference and withdrew from the federal court the power to issue injunctions in non-violent labour disputes

Question 18

New deal-act 1935

Answer 18

Wagner act
Workers were given the right to form and join trade unions
The national labour relations board was set up to investigate and punish those companies bosses who did not abide by the rules
RIGHT TO EXIST AND BARGAIN

Question 19

Supreme Court case 1937

Answer 19

West coast hotel versus Parrish
Rude state could impose minimum wage regulations on private employers
Ended Lochner era

Question 20

NLU

Answer 20

National labour union 1866
Attempted to unify craft unions
Wanted eight hour day, currency and banking reforms, and an end of convicted labour and immigration restrictions
Fell apart after a failed leading to a realisation for political reforms

Question 22

Roosevelt’s new deal - 1933 act

Answer 22

The national industrial recovery act 1933

Guaranteed to work as the rights of collective-bargaining and helped spur some union organising activity

Question 23

Roosevelt’s new deal - 1935 act

Answer 23

Wagner act - workers given the right to form and join a trade union is as well as take part in collective-bargaining
The National Labour Relations Board set up twin this to gate punish those who did not abide by the rules

Question 24

1937 Supreme Court case

Answer 24

West coast hotel versus Parrish
Road states could impose minimum wage regulations on private employers without violating the Constitution is 14th amendment
Ended “Lochner era”

Question 25

1947 act

Answer 25

Taft Hartley act
Revised Wagner act to include restrictions on unions as well as management demanded by public after wartime
Prompted by post war strikes seeming to have damaged the country as a fear of communism crept in
Truman attempted to Vito
Bandit secondary boycotts of businesses and unions need to give 60 days notice before striking
Negates their right to bargain

Question 26

1957 act

Answer 26

Landrum Griffin act

Banned secondary picketing

Question 27

1963 act

Answer 27

Equal pay act
Made wage discrimination due to gender illegal
Fear of communism makes government neglect unions rights however still benefits members of the unions

Question 28

1964 act

Answer 28

Civil rights act
Prohibited discrimination on grounds of race, colour, religion, sex or national origin
Government passes laws beneficial to union members bypassing unions due to fear of communism

Question 29

1964 act - economy

Answer 29

Funded and coordinated job corps to provide locational training or education for young people

Question 30

1968 act

Answer 30

The age discrimination in employment act

Prohibiting discrimination against people between 40 and 60 years old

Question 31

1981 strike

Answer 31

Air-traffic controller strike
4000 striking
Reagan threatens to sack them all if they don’t stop
Ends up sacking all of them

Question 32

1873 strike and union

Answer 32

Molly Maguire - Irish immigrant Union

Strike led to murders and damage to property ruining credibility of unions

Question 33

1877 strike

Answer 33

Railroad strike
Affects the whole nation
25 deaths and millions of dollars worth of damage causing federal troops to be brought in

Question 34

1920s summary

Answer 34

Prosperity brought substantial gains to workers without needing the unions
Decline in hours of work, real wages increased, unemployment fell
Good for the workers and the unions but they weren’t needed

Question 35

1919

Answer 35

Red Scare bcs of Russian Revolution

32 states banned laws making the “Wobblies” an illegal organisation

Question 36

1935-36 strike

Answer 36

The Flint strike
United Automobile Workers used “sit downs” to secure Union recognition from all manufacturers except ford
Federal and state governments no longer willing to use force
Roosevelt particularly sympathetic

Question 37

1938 act (mentioned in women)

Answer 37

Fair labour standards act

Minimum wage, max working week, forbade child labour

Question 38

Impact of WW2?

Answer 38

Wages increased by 70%

Union membership doubled as a result

Question 39

1943 strike and act that follows?

Answer 39

Lewis strike - unpatriotic as in war time and fear of communism beginning to spread
Smith-Connally Act - president could seize any plant where there threatened to be a strike

Question 40

Impact of 1960s technological revolution

Answer 40

Changes in work force and nature of work

Adversely affected TU membership