WM (f334) Flashcards
What’s the functional group in carboxylic acids
=o
H-C-OH
Name
Ch3ch2ch2ch2ch2cooh
Hexanoic acid
Give the equation for propanoic acid reacting with potassium hydroxide
Ch3ch2cooh + KOH –> ch3ch2coo-k+ + h20
What is used for testing for carboxylic acids
Sodium carbonate or sodium hydrogen carbonate solutions
Produce bubbles of CO2 be confirmed by testing the gas with limewater, which turns milky
Functional group of ester
O
||
-C-O-
Functional group for acyl chloride
O
||
-C-Cl
Functional group for amide
O
||
-C-N-
|
HFunctional group for acid anhydride
O
//
-C
\ O
/
-C
\\
OName the process and reagents involved when a carboxylic acid reacts with alcohols
Esterification/ condensation
Heated under reflux with acid catalyst conc sulfuric acid
Ethanoic acid + ethanol –> ethyl ethanoate + water
Test for phenols
Iron (III) chloride
Purple complex
Distinguish between phenol and alcohol
When an acid reacts with water what ion is produced
Oxonium ion
Order ethanoic acid, water ethanol, phenol in acidic strength
Ethanol
Explain the order of acidic strength
Phenoxide ions (C6H5O-) and carboxylate ions (RCOO-) are more stable than hydroxide (OH-) and ethoxide ions (CH3CH2O-) because the negative charge on the ion can be delocalised across several atoms
What reacts with NaOH and sodium carbonate
Ethanol phenol -cooh
S. Hydroxide no Yes Yes
S. Carbonate no No Yes
How can phenols be converted into esters
React with acyl chloride room temp or acid anhydrides (heated under reflux) to make esters
Anhydrous conditions
Name this ester
O
//
H- c
\
O - ch2ch2ch31st part alcohol
2nd part from the acid
Propyl methanoate
Describe the reaction of the breakdown of a molecule by water
Hydrolysis
Ethyl ethanoate + NaOH -> ethanol and ethanoate ion
Reagents for hydrolysis of ester
Acid catalyst (h2so4)
Alkali catalyst (NaOH)
Alkaline hydrolysis preferred as reaction goes to completion
What is atom economy
(Mr of useful products/ Mr of reactants used) x 100
What types of reaction have the highest atom economy
Rearrangement
Addition
100%
What types of reaction have the lowest atom economy
Elimination
Define a substitution reaction
Replacing one group on a molecule with another always 2 products formed
Complete
Carbonate + acid –>
Salt + water + co2
