Oceans Flashcards
What affect on entropy would molecules being spread out have
A collection of molecules has higher entropy if the molecules are spread out more
How else can entropy be increased
The entropy is increased if the energy is shared among more molecules
Entropy depends on the number of quanta of energy available what does this in turn depend on
The temperature. The spacing of the energy levels
Describe how a molecule can have higher entropy
Heavier atoms
Larger numbers of atoms
Energy levels more closely spaced, more energy levels tend to increase with the number of atoms in a molecule
What three forms of kinetic energy can molecules possess
Translation
Rotation
Vibration
What is the first law of thermodynamics
Energy cannot be created or destroyed
Define quanta
The gaps between the energy levels
What does Δs stand for
Entropy change
When a liquid becomes a solid would Δs be positive or negative?
Negative
Decrease in entropy
What is the equation for ΔSsurr
ΔSsurr = -ΔH / T
The relationship tells us that the entropy change in the surroundings is equal to the energy transferred divided by the temperature
How do we find the total entropy change
We combine the entropy change for the chemical system with The entropy change in the surroundings
ΔS total = ΔS sys + ΔS sur
Is ice melting Endo or exothermic
Endothermic
Freezing ice endothermic or exothermic?
Exothermic
For a spontaneous process is ΔStotal positive or negative?
Always positive
Entropy increases
What must ΔStotal equal for the reaction to be at equilibrium
Zero
