WK11 RESPIRATORY INFECTIONS Flashcards
Patho of bronchitis
Most likely secondary to viral cause
inflammation of the bronchi, secondary to various triggers (viral infection, allergens and pollutants)
causes mucosal thickening, shedding of epithelial cells and exposure of the basal membrane
pathogenesis of pneumonia
macrophages initiate inflammatory response
engulf pathogens but release cytokines
neutrophils come to site
macrophages present antigens to t cells = cellular and humoral immunity
inflammation of lung parenchyma and increase in the permeability of the lining of the capillaries = exudative congestion
3 sub categories of pneumonia
CAP = community acquired
HAP= acquired within 48hours of being admitted in an inpatient setting and not incubating at time of admission
VAP= acquired 48hours after ETT occurs
Most common cause of CAP
bacterial / streptococcus
most common viral cause of pneumonia
colonises the nasopharynx in patients with CAP
influenze, RSV and adenoviruses
fungal causes of pneumonia most common in
previously immunocompromised states (HIV, transplant, chemo)
COVID19 pneumonia patho
bacterial instead of viral
intravascular thrombosis due to endothelial barrier dysfunction and excessive blood flow in collapsed lung region
what body systems does TB affect
primarily lungs but is systemic GI lymph, integumentary CNS and hepatic
how do pathological abnormalities arise in SARS/MERS/COVID
occur secondary to cytokine storm
= weakened stabilisation of endothelial cell to cell interactions
damage to alveolus
multiple organ dysfunction
= acute respiratory infections with systemic disorder
antiviral medication vs immunomodulatory
antiviral - inhibits replication during the early stages of illness
immuno- given after viral replication stage to blunt hyper-inflammatory process such as ards
