M7 MV

Question 1

Factors that impact pulmonary ventilation

Answer 1

lung compliance
surface tension of alveoli
airway resistance

Question 2

boyles law pressure and volume and how this relates to ventilation

Answer 2

the pressure of a gas in a closed container is inversely proportional to the volume of a container

if hte size of the container is decreased the pressure inside increases, and the opposite is true

when the diaphragm flatterns and contracts it increases the size of the thoracic cavity, decreasing the size of the abdominal cavity, this causes a change in pressure gradient within the thoracic cavity and draws air into the lungs

Question 3

normal vt

Answer 3

approx 500mls

Question 4

residual volume
defintion
values for men and women

Answer 4

volume of air that remainds in the alveoli after forced expiration
w = 1,100mls
m= 1,200mls

Question 5

expiratory reserve volume
define
men and women values

Answer 5

volume of air that can be forcefully expelled from the lungs after normal expiration
w= 700mls
m= 1,200ms

Question 6

inspiratory reserve volume
define
men and women values

Answer 6

additonal volume of air you can inspire following a normal inspiration
f= 1,900mls
m= 3,100mls

Question 7

inspiratory capacity
define
normal values

Answer 7

volume of air that can be inspired normally, in addition to any air that can be inspired forcefully
= VT + IRV
f = 2,400mls
m= 2,300mls

Question 8

FRC
define
normal values

Answer 8

volume of air left in the lungs after normal expiration
f= 1,800mls
m= 2,300mla

Question 9

vital capacity
define
normal values

Answer 9

max amount of air that can be exhaled from the lungs after max inspiration
is a measure of lung function
= IRV + ERV + VT
F= 3,100mls
M= 4,800mls

Question 10

TLC
define
normal values

Answer 10

volume of air that can be contained within the lungs after maximal inspiration
= VC + residual volume
f = 4,200mls
m= 6,000mls

Question 11

define anataomical deadspace
what structures are involved

Answer 11

refers to the conducting airways of the respiratory system that are not directly involved in gas exchange
= nose, pharynx, larynx, trachea, bronchi, bronchioles and terminal bronchioles
approx 1/3 of every breath occupies the anatomic dead space and for that reason not all of the MV can be used in gas exchange

Question 12

what is the 60/60 rule

Answer 12

as our pco2 increases >60 = type 2 failure
as our pO2 decreases <60 = type 1 failure
type 3 is a mixture of both