wk1 pharm FC - Sheet1

Question 1

Therapeutics- branch of medicine dealing with

Answer 1

preventing disease and treating the suffering

Question 2

Pharmacotherapy- application of drugs

Answer 2

disease prevention and treatment of suffering

Question 3

Drugs elicit different responses depending on

Answer 3

„Age/ „Gender/ Body mass (weight)/ „Health status/ Genetics

Question 4

Therapeutic Effect

Answer 4

Desirable response

Question 5

Side/Adverse Effect

Answer 5

1 Undesirable response

2 Adverse is more severe

Question 6

Therapeutic Classification

Answer 6

1 Organize drugs by usefulness
2 What drugs do clinically
3 Treating particular diseases
4 Ex. Anticoagulants, antihypertensive, diuretics, & antidepressants

Question 7

Pharmacologic Classification

Answer 7

Based on drug’s mechanism of action
How drugs produce effect
More specific
Ex. Loop diuretics, beta blockers, & ACE inhibitors

Question 8

Generic Name

Answer 8

1 Always lower case

2 Only 1 name per a drug

Question 9

Trade Name

Answer 9

1 Cap first letter in name and has copy right for 17 years

2 Brand name

Question 10

Controlled substances

Answer 10

1 Higher potential for addiction or dependence
2 Addiction- overwhelming feeling to use drug repeatedly
3 Dependence- physiologic or psychological need for a substance
4 Withdrawal- physical signs of discomfort

Question 11

Drug Schedules

Answer 11

I - street drugs
II - methadone
III - low mg of addictive drug
IV - lowest level of prescription drug
V - non prescription drug

Question 12

Teratogenic drug classification

Answer 12

A - Studies in women fail to show risk to fetus; fetal harm unlikely
B - Animal reproduction studies show no fetal risk
C - Studies in animals have revealed adverse effects on fetus or have not been done in animals or women
D - Confirmation of human fetal risk; (benefit may outweigh risk- in life threatening situation)
X - Animal & human studies show fetal abnormalities; drug contraindicated in women who are or may become pregnant

Question 13

Nursing responsibilities

Answer 13

1 Knowledgeable
2 What drug is it?
3 Why is it ordered?
4 How is it supplied by pharmacy?
5 Route of administration?
6 Patient variables
7 Preparation to recognize & react to adverse effects

Question 14

Allergic Reaction - Hyper response of body defenses to a foreign substance

Answer 14

1 Vary in severity
2 Skin rash
3 Itching
4 Edema
5 Runny nose
6 Reddened eyes

Question 15

Anaphylaxis - Severe allergic reaction involving massive systemic release of histamine & other mediators of inflammation

Answer 15

1 Dyspnea
2 Hypotension
3 Tachycardia

Question 16

Rights of drug administration

Answer 16

1 Right patient (National Patient Safety Goals- 2 patient identifiers)
2 Right medication
3 Right dose
4 Right route
5 Right time
6 Right to refuse

Question 17

3 checks of drug administration

Answer 17

1. Check drug with the MAR
2. Check drug when preparing it, pouring it, taking it out of container, or connecting it to the patient (IV tubing)
3. Check drug before administering to patient

Question 18

Patient education

Answer 18

1 Name of the drug
2 Why it is necessary
3 Expected drug actions 
4 Side effects
5 Potential interactions (medications, foods, supplements, or alcohol)

Question 19

STAT order

Answer 19

must be given w/in 5 mins or less (immediate)

Question 20

ASAP order

Answer 20

as soon as possible w/in 30 mins or less

Question 21

Single order

Answer 21

only give once

Question 22

PRN order

Answer 22

administer as needed per MD order & patient’s condition

Question 23

Routine order

Answer 23

can be given 30 mins – 1 hr. before or after

Question 24

Standing order

Answer 24

given in advance of a situation that is to be carried out under specific circumstances

Question 25

pharmacokinetics Components

Answer 25

1. Absorption 2. Distribution 3. Metabolism 4. Excretion

Question 26

Enteral Routes

Answer 26

``` 1 Oral (tablets, capsules, sublingual, & buccal) 2 Nasogastric or gastrostomy tube ```

Question 27

Topical Routes

Answer 27

Local use

Question 28

Parenteral Routes

Answer 28

IV, IM, SubQ

Question 29

Topical & Transdermal drugs

Answer 29

1 Avoids first-pass effect of liver 2 Slow absorption 3 Systemic vs. local effect

Question 30

Topical Administration for Transdermal

Answer 30

rotate sites, remove old patch prior to placing new one

Question 31

Topical Administration for Ophthalmic

Answer 31

supine position with head tilted back

Question 32

Topical Administration for Otic

Answer 32

side position, avoid tympanic membrane, pull ear up & backward (children < 3 yrs. pull ear down & back)

Question 33

Topical Administration for Nasal

Answer 33

blow nose prior to med

Question 34

Topical Administration for Vaginal

Answer 34

supine position with knees bent

Question 35

Topical Administration for Rectal

Answer 35

Sims position (on left side), slow deep breaths, insert on exhale

Question 36

Enteral medications Advantages

Answer 36

1 Convenient 2 Least costly 3 Overdose treated by retrieval of undigested medications 4 Safest route (skin barrier not compromised) 5 Uses vast absorptive surfaces

Question 37

Enteral medications Disadvantages

Answer 37

``` 1 Difficulty swallowing 2 Can be inactivated by enzymes 3 First-pass metabolism 4 Some tablets/capsules can’t be opened or crushed 5 Depends on GI motility & mobility ```

Question 38

Types of IV administration | Large Volume Infusion

Answer 38

- Fluid maintenance, replacement, or supplementation | - Ex. Normal Saline 0.9% or Dextrose

Question 39

Types of IV administration | Intermittent Infusion

Answer 39

- Small amount of IV solution arranged with primary large volume infusion or by itself to instill medications - Ex. Piggybacks (IVPB) like Keppra or Zosyn

Question 40

Types of IV administration | IV Push

Answer 40

- Concentrated dose delivered directly to circulation | - Ex. syringe to administer single-dose medications like Zofran, morphine, & Dilaudid

Question 41

First pass effect

Answer 41

- Some oral medications are inactivated on their first pass through the liver prior to reaching target organs - May require higher dose for therapeutic effect or be given by non-enteral route

Question 42

slide 69

Answer 42

slide 69