test 3 cards part 2 Flashcards
Generic: Captopril
Trade: (Capoten)
Indications: HTN, HF
Category: ACE Inhibitors
Side effects: severe hypotension after first dose, dry, nonproductive cough, angioedema, hyperkalemia, neutropenia
Caution: pregnancy, angioedema
Hypotension, anti-hypertensives and nitrates, K+ sparring diuretics
Implications/considerations: diuretics may be stopped before first dose, monitor K+ levels
Pt teaching: report swelling of mouth or throat, hypotension, avoid K+ supplements, report dry cough, report s/s of infection.
Generic: Losartan
Trade: (Cozaar)
Indications: HTN
Category: Angiotensin II receptor blockers
Side effects: angioedema, headache, insomnia, severe hypotension
Caution: low dose for patient with liver failure/beginning dose, PO only, pregnancy, renal / liver disorders, hypertensive drugs increase risk of hypotension
Implications/considerations: monitor BP, D/C if angioedema occurs, monitor hypotension by IV
Pt teaching: report angioedema, report headaches
Generic: Nifedipine
Trade: (Procardia)
Indications: HTN
Category: Calcium channel blockers
Side effects: reflex tachycardia, facial flushing, peripheral edema
Hypotension, gingival hyperplasia, dizziness, lightheadedness
Caution: acute MI, HF, St. John’s wort, ginseng (decrease blood levels), grapefruit juice (increase blood levels).
Implications/considerations: Monitor BP, HR, edema, report and hold if SBP<90, inspect gums, advise dental care.
Instructions: PO, give with beta blocker (prevent tachycardia)
Pt teaching: report tachycardia, edema, bleeding gums, regular dental care, avoid hazardous activities
Generic: Doxazosin
Trade: (cardura)
Indications: HTN & BPH
Category: Alpha1 adrenergic blockers
Side effects: Tachycardia, headache, orthostatic hypotension
Caution: hypotension, syncope, renal/hepatic disease, Nitrates > risk of hypotension
Implications/considerations: Monitor for headache, tachycardia, SBP drop of >20, orthostatic BP
Instructions: give at HS, PO
Pt teaching: Report syncope, dizziness, palpitations, headaches
Generic: Metoprolol, atenolol
Trade: (Lopressor, Tenotmin)
Indications: HTN
Category: Beta adrenergic blockers
Side effects: bradycardia, HF, SOB, edema, Coughing, hypotension
Caution: bradycardia, renal/liver disease, oral hypoglycemic, other antihypertensives
Implications/considerations: check apical pulse prior to administration, monitor for HF, taper dose slowly 1-2 weeks
Instructions: PO, IV
Pt teaching: check HR before taking med, report SOB, peripheral edema, cough, chest pain
Generic: Clonidine
Trade: (catapres)
Indications: HTN
Category: Centrally acting alpha2 agonists
Side effects: drowsiness, dizziness, dry mouth, rebound hypertensive crisis if stopped suddenly,
Caution: anticoagulant therapy, CNS depressants
Implications/considerations: monitor for CNS effects, taper dose
Instructions: PO / transdermal patch, PO at HS, rotate patch
Pt teaching: such hard candy, taper dose
Generic: Carvedilol
Trade: (Coreg)
Indications: HTN
Category: Alpha/beta blockers
Side effects: bradycardia, dizziness, hypotension
Caution: bradycardia, oral hypoglycemic, other antihypertensives
Implications/considerations: monitor BP & apical HR
Instructions: PO, with food minimize orthostatic hypotension
Pt teaching: report syncope/ dizziness, slow position changes, check pulse before taking med
Generic: Hydralazine
Trade: (Apresoline)
Indications: hypotension
Category: Direct acting vasodilators
Side effects: headache, palpitations, tachycardia, fluid retention (SLE)
Caution: tachycardia, other hypertensives
Implications/considerations: monitor tachycardia, edema, crackles in lungs, taper dose
Instructions: PO, IM, IV, begin with low dosage
Pt teaching: report headache, palpitations, dizziness, syncope, tachycardia
Generic: Atorvastatin
Trade: (Lipitor)
Indications: high cholesterol
Category: HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors
Side effects: liver toxicity, myopathy (muscle pain)
Caution: pregnancy, renal failure, grapefruit juice
Implications/considerations: Monitor muscle pain, liver function test
Instructions: PO, take at night or evening
Pt teaching: liver function test 6-12 months
Generic: gemifibrozil
Trade: (Lopid)
Indications: high cholesterol
Category: Fibrates
Side effects: gallstones
Caution: gall bladder disease, statin increases risk for myopathy
Implications/considerations: monitor GI symptoms
Instructions:
Pt teaching: report jaundice and fatigue, gallstones
Generic: Heparin, enoxaparin
Trade: (Lovenox)
Indications: clot, prophylactic (post-op), prevent/treat DVT
Category: Anticoagulants (parenteral)
Side effects: bleeding, tachycardia, <100,000, monitor PTT daily, antidote (protamine sulfate)
Generic: warfarin
Trade: (Coumadin)
Indications: venous thrombosis (A-fib), prevent recurrent MI or clots
Category: Anticoagulants (oral)
Side effects: hemorrhage, hepatitis,
Caution: thrombocytopenia, uncontrollable bleeding
Implications/considerations: PT (18-24 sec), & INR (2-3), antidote (vitamin K)
Pt teaching: no eating dark leaky vegetables
Generic: aspirin, clopidogrel, pentoxifylline
Trade: (Ecotrin, Plavix, Trental)
Indications: prevent MI, CVA
Category: Antiplatelets
Side effects: bleeding, N/V, thrombocytopenia
Generic: alteplase
Trade: (Activase)
Indications: treat MI, PE, CVA
Category: Thrombolytics
Side effects: bleeding superficial and internal
Caution: pregnancy (will abort fetus)
Implications/considerations: monitor PTT, PT, Hgb, Hct, use ASAP (w/in 3hrs) IV only
Generic: epinephrine Trade: Adrenalin
Indications: anaphylaxis, shock, cardiac arrest
Category: Sympathomimetic
Side effects: nervousness, tachycardia, headache, hypertension & dysrhythmias
