test 3 cards part 1 Flashcards
Generic: albuterol
Trade: (Proventil)
Indications: Asthma
Category: beta2-adrenergic agonist
Side effects: tachycardia, palpitations, angina, tremors
Caution: DM, HTN, angina, cardiac disease, tachycardia, allergy
Implications/considerations: monitor and report cardiac s/s
Instructions: PO, inhaler, inhale before glucocorticoids
Pt teaching: no caffeine, signs of exacerbation, reports tremors interfering with ADL’s
Generic: ipratropium
Trade: (Atrovent)
Indications: Relief of bronchospasm (COPD)
Category: inhaled anticholinerginics
Side effects: < stimulation of PNS, dry mouth, urinary retention
Caution: glaucoma, bladder obstruction, allergy to peanuts and soybeans
Implications/considerations: provide H2O & hard candy, monitor I&O
Instructions: inhaler, nebulizer, wait 5 minutes before using other inhaler, rinse mouth after, not emergency drug
Pt teaching: alleviate discomfort, regular eye exams (glaucoma), Report changes in urine patterns
Generic: theophylline
Trade: (Theolair)
Indications: chronic asthma, bronchitis, and emphysema
Category: Methylxanthines
Side effects: restless, insomnia, n/v/d, seizures and dysrhythmias
Caution: DM, heart disease. Liver or renal dysfunction, cardiac disorders that cant handle cardiac stimulation
Implications/considerations: monitor blood levels, give activated charcoal to < absorption, monitor HR & rhythm
Instructions: PO
Pt teaching: no caffeine (> blood levels), stop med if toxic effects, nicotine (< blood levels)
Generic: /Trade: (QVAR), prednisone
Indications: asthma, rhinitis
Category: Glucocorticoids
Side effects: candidiasis, dysphasia, muscle wasting, osteoporosis, hyperglycemia, infection, epistaxis
Caution: DM, HTN, renal dysfunction, live vaccines, oral candidiasis
Implications/considerations: attach spacer to inhaler, monitor drug levels, blood glucose and for infection
Instructions: PO, inhaler, nasal, take with food, avoid NSAID’s, inhaler not PRN
Pt teaching: not for acute attack, taper dose, if nares blocked (use decongestant first), use spacer, rinse mouth after, hypokalemia if taken with diuretic
Generic: cromolyn
Trade: (NasalCrom)
Indications: allergy related asthma, allergic rhinitis
Category: Mast cell stabilizers
Side effects: allergic reaction, dry mouth, headache, bitter aftertaste
Caution: liver or kidney disease, cardiac dysrhythmias, CAD
Implications/considerations: encourage water , hard candy after inhalation, mild analgesic for headache
Instructions: nebulizer or inhaler, clear mucus first, fixed schedule, 15 minutes before exercise
Pt teaching: drink water or hard candy after inhalation
Generic: montelukast
Trade: (Singulair)
Indications: asthma, rhinitis
Category: Leukotriene modifiers
Side effects: liver damage, headache
Caution: severe asthma, liver dysfunction, increases levels of certain meds
Implications/considerations: monitor liver function, mild analgesia for headache
Instructions: PO, daily (evening), 2hrs before exercise
Pt teaching: OTC analgesic for headaches, report liver s/s
Generic: diphenhydramine
Trade: (Benadryl)
Indications: rhinitis, hives, anaphylactic reaction, transfusion reaction, motion sickness and insomnia
Category: Sedating antihistamines
Side effects: drowsiness, dizziness, dry mouth, constipation, n/v
Caution: children and elderly
Implications/considerations: monitor with ambulation, high fiber food, water, (toxicity, give activated charcoal, acetaminophen)
Instructions: PO, with food, 30 minutes before motion activity, at bed time
Pt teaching: report difficulty urinating, notify MD of toxic effects
Generic: cetirizine
Trade: (Zyrtec)
Indications: rhinitis, urticaria
Category: nonsedating antihistamines
Side effects: drowsiness, fatigue, dry mouth/nose/throat
Caution: kidney and liver dysfunction, infants & toddlers
Implications/considerations: monitor with ambulation, water
Instructions: PO, daily, not with other antihistamines OTC, with or without food
Pt teaching: avoid activities requiring alertness. Lots of water
Generic: phenylephrine
Trade: (Neo-Synephrine)
Indications: rhinitis, sinusitis, cold
Category: Sympathomimetics
Side effects: CNS stimulation, agitation, insomnia, anxiety, vasoconstriction, tachycardia, palpitations, rebound nasal congestion
Caution: CAD, HTN, older adults, dysrhythmia
Implications/considerations: PRN, monitor HR, BP and palpitations, not for long term use
Instructions: PO, PRN, don’t use topical decongestants longer than 3-5 days (rebound congestion)
Pt teaching: taper drug, report tachycardia, palpitations, excessive CNS stimulation
Generic: opioid: codeine, dextromethorphan
Trade: Nonopioid: (Robitussin)
Indications: suppress cough
Category: Antitussive
Side effects: CNS depression, drowsiness, sedation, lightheadedness, n/v, constipation,
Caution: children, older adults, liver/ renal disease, head trauma, acute asthma
Implications/considerations: monitor with ambulation
Instructions: PO, PRN, with food, short term
Pt teaching: lots of fluids, high fiber diet, remove coughing triggers, change positions gradually
Generic: guaifenesin
Trade: (Mucinex)
Indications: colds, bronchitis
Category: Expectorants
Side effects: dizziness, drowsiness, n/d, rash
Caution: chronic cough, asthma, ACE inhibitors, heparin
Implications/considerations: monitor when changing positions, stop if allergic reaction occurs
Instructions: PO, PRN, lots of fluids, don’t combine with other meds containing guaifenesin
Pt teaching: report if cough gets worse
Generic: acetylcysteine
Trade: (Mucomyst)
Indications: Tylenol antidote, cystic fibrosis, bronchopulmonary disease
Category: Mucolytics
Side effects: bronchospasm, nausea
Caution: weak cough, liver disease, esophageal varices
Implications/considerations: monitor respiratory status, encourage pt to expectorate, give bronchodilator PRN
Instructions: PO, nebulizer, IV, clear the airway
Pt teaching: report dyspnea, worsening cough, take antiemetic PRN
