Wk1-Ethics-ppts

Question 1

Virtue ethics

Answer 1

Aristotle- virtues such as justice, charity, generosity etc are part of one’s nature/character or they aren’t. Virtues guide your behavior. Can’t learn more after age 5, learned at “mother’s knee”.

Question 2

Deontological ethics

Answer 2

Kant- You have a duty to do the right thing. Humans must respect other rational beings, a duty to behave ethically. Regardless of intent, your action has an ethical value.

Question 3

Utilitarianism- define (and who came up with it?):

Answer 3

Mill- it’s ethical if it provides greatest amount of happiness or good. Part of consequentialism. Reason-based approach. Focuses on outcomes (what is the consequence of your decision? Is the outcome good or bad?)

Question 4

Which philosophy uses rules to distinguish from right and wrong. Very strict, objective. Missle launch might kill people, but you aren’t allowed to hack the system to stop it because it’s against company policy.

Answer 4

Kant, Deontology

Question 5

Utilitarianism is a form of what?

Answer 5

consequentialism

Question 6

Utilitarianism

Answer 6

The most ethical choice is the one that will produce the greatest good for greatest number… only moral framework that can be used to justify war

Question 7

What is a limitation of utilitarianism?

Answer 7

Can’t predict whether the consequences of our actions will be good or bad (no crystal ball)

Question 8

Day to day business decisions are typically which philosophy?

Answer 8

deontology

Question 9

Long term business might be

Answer 9

utilitarianism

Question 10

Define Accountability vs Responsibility

Answer 10

Accountability is placed on you externally (they hold you accountable), responsibility is internally generated (I want to be responsible)

Question 11

Medical ethics has primarily focused on ____, but more recently emphasizes _____

Answer 11

patient autonomy, informed consent/hipaa.

Question 12

4 Pillars of Medical Ethics?

Answer 12

1. Autonomy- pts have rights to make decisions, informed consent
2. Beneficence- act in pt’s best interest
3. Nonmaleficence- do no harm
4. Justice- fair, equitable tx to all

Question 13

Define Justice

Answer 13

Providing fair, equitable tx to all. 4 areas: Distribution of resources, consideration of competing needs, rights and obligation, and adherence to laws in force

Question 14

Define autonomy

Answer 14

Pt has right to make informed decisions, informed consent. Includes accepting pt’s decision to refuse tx

Question 15

Define Beneficence

Answer 15

Providers must act in best interest of the pt

Question 16

Nonmaleficence

Answer 16

do no harm, “primum non nocere”. Do not kill, do not cause pain suffering, do not withhold helpful tx

Question 17

Define paternalism

Answer 17

doctor knows best, like a parent

Question 18

What is the recommended approach for doctor and pt to use when making decisions?

Answer 18

JDM, joint decision making

Question 19

What is the 3-talk model?

Answer 19

Use for JDM:
1. Team talk- describe tx options, assess pt’s goal
2. option talk- more thorough risk/benefit/alternatives RBAs of reasonable options. Use Pt decision Aids
3. Decision talk- making a decision and ensure pt understands and agrees with what’s happening

Question 20

What is a PDA pt decision aide?

Answer 20

formalized document to relay information and allow think time

Question 21

You have a duty to do the right thing. Humans must respect other rational beings, a duty to behave ethically. Regardless of intent, your action has an ethical value.

Answer 21

Deontological

Question 22

do no harm, “primum non nocere”. Do not kill, do not cause pain suffering, do not withhold helpful tx

Answer 22

nonmaleficience

Question 23

The most ethical choice is the one that will produce the greatest good for greatest number… only moral framework that can be used to justify war

Answer 23

utilitarianism

Question 24

aristotle- virtues such as justice, charity, generosity etc are part of one’s nature/character or they aren’t. Virtues guide your behavior. Can’t learn more after age 5, learned at “mother’s knee”.

Answer 24

virtue ethics