WK1 Chapter 1 Flashcards
Cultural Approach
Culture is:
The total pattern of a group’s customs,
beliefs,
art and
technology.
a group’s common way of life
passed on from one generation to the next
human development definition:
ways people
grow and
change
across the life span;
includes people’s
biological,
cognitive,
psychological and
social functioning
The human
population began to increase notably around 10,000 years ago due to
the development of agriculture and domestication of animals
(Diamond )
Diamond, J. (1992). The third chimpanzee: The evolution and future of the human animal.
New York, NY: Harper Perennial
400 years ago that the world population reached
—– ——- people
500 million
the human population reached 2 bilion by 1930, which is attributed to: ————————————————————————————-
(then tripled to 6 bilion by 1999.)
the medical advances of the 20th century, and the
elimination or sharp reduction of deadly diseases like smalpox,
typhus, diphtheria and cholera.
This forecast is based on the worldwide: ——– ——– ——- ———-
rise to a peak of 9.73 billion in 2064 and then decline to 8.79 billion in 2100.
This forecast is based on the worldwide: decline in birth rates
TFR means
Total Fertility Rate
The replacement Rate for a stable population = –.—-(TFR)
2.1
conomicaly developed
countries that make up less than —-% of the world’s population
20%
developing countries
countries that have lower levels of income
and education than developed countries but
are experiencing rapid economic growth
developed countries
world’s most economically developed and
affluent countries, with the highest median
levels of income and education
cultural values such as independence and
self-expression
individualistic
cultural values such as obedience and group
harmony
collectivistic
traditional culture
in developing countries, a rural culture that
adheres more closely to cultural traditions
than people in urban areas do
traditional culture
Traditional cultures tend to be more colectivistic than other cultures are, in part because in rural areas:
close ties with others are often an economic necessity
increasing connections between different
parts of the world in trade, travel, migration
and communication
globalisation
within a country, the cultural group that sets
most of the norms and standards and holds
most of the positions of political, economic,
inte lectual and media power
majority culture
settings and circumstances that contribute to
variations in pathways of human
development, including socioeconomic status,
gender and ethnicity, as wel as family,
school, community, media and cultur
contexts
person’s social class, including educational level, income level and
occupational status
socioeconomic status (SES)
group identity that may include components
such as cultural origin, cultural traditions,
race, religion and language
ethnicity
the environmental conditions for which a given
species has evolved
ecological niche
characteristic pattern of individual
development in a species
ontogenetic
pertaining to the development of a species
phylogenetic
evolutionary process in which the offspring
best adapted to their environment survive to
produce offspring of their own
natural selection
several
characteristics developed that made us distinct from earlier hominins
and from other primates:
Larger Brain
wider Female Pelvis
Longer Infant Dependancy
Tools
Contrl of Fire
Upper Palaeolithic period
period of human history from 40,000 to
10,000 years ago, when distinct human
cultures first developed
Upper Palaeolithic period
Inicators f the Upper Palaeolithic period
For the first time, art appeared: musical instruments; paintings on
cave wals; smal ivory beads attached to clothes; decorative objects
made from bone, antler or shel; and human and animal figures
carved from ivory or sculpted from clay
Humans began to bury their dead, sometimes including art objects
in the graves.
Trade took place between human groups.
There was a rapid acceleration in the development of tools,
including the bow and arrow, a spear thrower and the harpoon.
The first boats were invented, alowing humans to reach and
populate Australia and New Guinea.
For the first time, cultural differences developed between human
groups, as reflected in their art and tools
dramatic change, from 10,000 years ago to about
5,000 years ago, is known as the —— period
Neolithic period
Indicator of the Neolithic period
During this time, humans broadened their food sources by cultivating
plants and domesticating animals.
era of human history from 10,000 to 5,000
years ago, when animals and plants were
first domesticated
Neolithic period
branch of psychology that examines how
patterns of human functioning and behaviour
have resulted from adaptations to
evolutionary conditions
evolutionary psychology
Freud’s theory proposing that sexual desire is
the driving force behind human development
psychosexual theory
Erikson’s theory that human development is
driven by the need to become integrated into
the social and cultural environment
psychosocial theory
Bronfenbrenner’s theory that human
development is shaped by five interrelated
systems in the social environment
ecological theory
cultural-developmental approach
a model for understanding human
development that includes three principles:
(1) humans always develop within a culture;
(2) it is necessary to study people in diverse
cultures for a ful understanding of human
development; and
(3) today, cultural identities
are becoming more complex around the
world
new life stage in developed countries, lasting
from the late teens through the 20s, in which
people are gradualy making their way
towards taking on adult responsibilities in love
and work
Emerging adulthood
—— Is a key influence in Human Devleopment
Culture
