Wk 9 Pitfalls in Clinical Reasoning Flashcards
What is Dual Process Theory?
Type 1 and 2 thinking
What is type 1 thinking?
likely guides~95% daily decisions
-needed for rapid decision-making
-feature of “expert” decision-making
-highly vulnerable to heuristic traps
What is type 2 thinking?
-requires greater working memory and effort
-slows decision-making
-feature of “novice” decision-making
-less vulnerable to heuristic traps
What are heuristic traps?
=cognitive biases
-intellectual shortcuts, can be helpful or -> irrational actions
What is anchoring bias?
=human tendency to rely on the first piece of info offered when decision-making
What is availability bias?
=info at the forefront of mind b/c of case that was recently seen
What is representativeness bias?
=comparing a patient’s presentation to the “typical” or “classic” presentation
What is “expert halo?”
=blindly following the expert, failing to check their statements or actions are accurate
List of heuristic traps and definitions
5 Strategies to Avoid Error
- Frame the problem carefully
- Consider worst-case scenario
- Be systematic, deliberate motions
- Try a new method of organizing the differential (most likely, less likely, worst-case scenario, more esoteric)
- utilize diagnostic “time-outs” - question assumptions
- metacognition - questioning one’s own thought process
- shared decision-making
- consider your own emotions
Sensitivity and specificity
Positive likelihood ratio
Interpret + likelihood ratio results of >1, =1, <1
