Wk 2 PPE Flashcards
6 links in chain of infection
- infectious agent
- reservoir -blood, wounds, urine, throat, stool, sputum
- portal of exit - incision, nose, mouth, eyes, catheter
- susceptible host (you, patient)
- portal of entry (natural body openings, human-made openings)
- transmission
4 routes of transmission
- direct contact
- indirect contact (surfaces)
- droplet - cough, sneezes
- airborne -shared airspace
What is included in standard precautions?
- gown
- mask
- gloves
- hand hygiene
- safe injection practices
- respiratory etiquette
Contact precautions include…?
- clean hands
- gown
- gloves
- dedicated equipment (or disinfect b/w use)
Droplet precautions include…?
- clean hands
- gown for direct contact w/ patient or environment
- gloves
- mask and eye protection
- N95/PAPR/CAPR for aerosolizing procedures for suspected/confirmed respiratory viral illness
Airborne precautions include…?
- isolation room w/ negative pressure or HEPA filter or TB unit
- Clean hands
- N95/PAPR/CAPR before entry
- remove N95/PAPR/CAPR after exiting
What does PAPR stand for?
powered
air
purifying
respirator
Pre Donning Sequence
- clean hands
- gown
- mask or respirator
- goggles or face shield
- gloves
- while wearing PPE avoid adjusting, don’t touch face, limit surface touching
4 rules for PPE Doffing
DO NOT:
1. touch outside of gown (contaminated)
2. touch outside of goggles or face shield (it’s contaminated)
3. touch outside of mask or respirator
4. let PPE become a vector for infection transmission
PPE Doffing Sequence
- Lean forward, grasp both sides of gown at the hips and start to bunch. Pull slowly and steadily away from body, until the waist tie rips.
- Cont to pull down and away to break neck of gown
- Peel gown off INSIDE OUT, holding away from body
- Remove gloves as gown is pulled over hands. Roll into ball.
- Discard gown and gloves
- Hand hygiene
- Remove face protection by grasping elastic (front is contaminated)
- Discard
- Hand hygiene
- Exit room
- Hand hygiene
How is COVID transmitted?
Mostly through droplets but can become airborne in presence of aerosol-generating procedure
3 steps for droplet and aerosol mitigation
- source control
- physical distancing
- environmental controls
COVID PPE Use
What are 3 common bloodborne pathogens?
- Hep B
- Hep C
- HIV
What are bloodborne pathogens?
micro-organisms present in human blood and other body fluids that can cause infections
Char of Hep B
-can -> serious liver damage
-infection risk as high as 30%
-can survive outside the body at least 7 days and still be capable of causing infection
Char of Hep C
-can -> serious liver disease
-no vaccination
-no exposure tx
-risk of infection from needle stick or cut ~1.8%
-can survive room temp outside body up to 3 weeks
HIV Characteristics
-can -> AIDS
-no vaccine
-effective post exposure prophylactic tx
-infection risk after needle stick or cut ~0.3%
-infection risk after eye, nose, mouth contact ~0.1%
Safe injection practices
1 needle
1 syringe
1 time
Where do you go if exposed to blood or body fluids?
Work Wellness Center
or
ED
or ask supervisor
After blood exposure, what are the next steps after ED or WWC?
complete worker’s comp w/ supervisor
WWC provides free follow up
How many deaths are associated with HAIs?
~72,000
~1 in 31 hospital patients has an HAI (healthcare associated infection)
5 moments of hand hygiene
- before touching patient
- before clean/aseptic procedure
- after body fluid exposure risk
- after touching patient
- after touching patient surroundings
When is hand washing w/ soap and water better than alcohol based gel?
When hands a visibly dirty
Otherwise, alcohol based is the gold standard in ALL other situations
What areas are considered sterile?
The parts of the gown that are considered sterile are, from table height to chest, and from the cuff of gown to 2 inches above the elbow.
