Wk 9 - Moderation w Regression Flashcards
What 3 methods might we use to examine 3-variable relationships?
Simultaneous prediction - multiple direct effects
Mediation - indirect effect
Moderation - direct effect influenced by 3rd variable
What does a moderator do? (x2)
Influences pre-existing relationship between 2 variables
Affects strength of an effect
What relationships does/should a moderator have to other variables? (x3)
Ideally independent of predictor
May/not be related to the outcome variable
Enhances/attenuates/reverses the predictor-outcome relationship
How does the focus of moderation different from mediation? (x2)
Moderation is about direct effect changes
Mediation is indirect effect
What questions are we asking in moderation? (x3)
Does the degree of the moderator modify the effect of the predictor on outcome?
*Does the interaction have an effect beyond isolated variables?
Does an effect apply differently to subsets of people?
What question is mediation asking? (x1)
What mechanism underlies the predictor-outcome relationship?
What kind of variables can be used in moderation analysis with regression? (x2, x2, x2)
Moderator can be continuous or categorical
*Often measured, but manipulated ok
Predictor - continuous/categorical, measured/manipulated
Continuous outcome - linear regression
Categorical outcome - logistic
How is the interaction calculated in moderation with regression? (x1)
Product of predictor and moderator scores`
How is the interaction term evaluated in moderation with regression? (x3, x2)
Hierarchical regression (2 stage) *Add predictor and moderator *Introduce interaction term Test for significant change in R-square *Does interaction improve model fit?
What does a significant interaction term imply? (x1)
That effect of predictor on outcome is different depending on level of moderator
If the interaction term is significant in moderation with regression, our next questions are? (x2)
How does the moderator affect the relationship?
How do the predictor-outcome slopes differ at high vs low levels of the moderator?
How do we evaluate the effects of a significant interaction term in moderation with regression? (x2)
Simple slopes analysis:
*Separate regression analyses at +/- 1 SD of moderator
What are the 5 steps in conducting moderation multiple regression?
Mean-centre predictor and moderator variables
Compute interaction variable
Conduct hierarchical regression
If significant interaction term - simple slopes
Plot slopes
How do we mean-centre scores ion moderated multiple regression? (x1)
With the desired effect being to? (x1)
Mean-centred score = score - mean
Reduce collinearity with interaction term
What can we use to automate the complex process of MMR? (x1)
PROCESS macro