WK 7, 8, 9 narratives and sentence components sem1

Question 1

Define the term narrative skills. Why is it important and what are it’s features?

Answer 1

understand and tell stories/describe events
-Essential to oral language use-always telling people stories
features include; Explicit vocabulary, narratives-pronouns, Conjunction, Two C’s

Question 2

Define conjunctions. What are the types?

Answer 2

words that link
-Additive, temporal, causal

Question 3

Define additive conjunctions with examples

Answer 3

add components e.g. ‘and’, ‘I jumped and walked’

Question 4

Define temporal conjunctions with examples

Answer 4

connect according to time e.g. ‘before, ‘and then’, ‘while’

Question 5

Define causal conjunctions with examples

Answer 5

why, cause/effect, feelings e.g. ‘because’, ‘since’, ‘therefore’, ‘so’

Question 6

Differ between centring and chaining

Answer 6

Centring: focus on topic e.g. “There a farm. There cow. Moo. A farmer.”

Chaining: sequencing events e.g. “I go shops. And then see mummy. And then..”

Question 7

What are the 7 elements of story grammar

Answer 7

-Setting: there was this boy and
-Initiating event: he got kidnapped by pirates
-Internal response: so he was really scared
-Plan: so he decided to run away
-Attempt: he cut his ropes when they were eating
-Consequence: he got away
-Reaction: and he ran home

Question 8

Describe preschool labelling/heaping. When does it occur?

Answer 8

-2 years
-Isolated Description
-Unrelated statements that label or describe

Question 9

Describe preschool listing/sequencing. When does it occur?

Answer 9

-2-3 years
-Descriptive sequence
-Statements around a central topic

Question 10

Describe preschool connecting/primitive narrative. When does it occur?

Answer 10

-3-4 years
-Action sequence
-Statements around central topic w/perceptual, not temporal links.

Question 11

Describe preschool unfocused chain. When does it occur?

Answer 11

-4-4.5 years
-Temporally related statements without a central topic.

Question 12

Describe present progressive word. Provide an example

Answer 12

Signals currently occurring but temporary action
e.g. /ing/ running, jumping

Question 13

Describe prepositions word. Provide an example.

Answer 13

indicates location or timing
e.g. in, on

Question 14

Describe regular plurals morpheme. Provide an example

Answer 14

-More marked plurals eg. two…
-Frequently used plurals eg. socks
-Overgeneralisation eg, foots, mouses,
-Regular vs irregular distinction eg. man/men, goose/geese
-Overgeneralisation irregulars e.g. mices
e.g. s

Question 15

Describe irregular past tense morpheme. Provide an example

Answer 15

learned as whole units
e.g. feel, went, sat, came

Question 16

Describe possessive morpheme. Provide an example

Answer 16

indicates who an object belongs to
-s, mummy’s shirt, bee’s honey

Question 17

Describe articles morpheme. Provide an example

Answer 17

• ‘the’-refer to specific/particular nouns e.g. The books=that particular book (definite)
• ‘a/an’ modify non-specific or non-particular nouns e.g. A book=any book (indefinite)
  e.g. a, the

Question 18

Describe regular past morpheme. Provide an example

Answer 18

-Overgeneralisation can occur eg, eated, falled
-Phonological realizations:
.after voiced consonant = /d/ eg. hugged,
.after unvoiced = /t/ eg. kicked, walked
.after /t/ or /d/ = /ed/ eg. sighted, ended, patted
e.g. ed

Question 19

Describe 3rd person singular morpheme. Provide an example

Answer 19

-Added to verbs in present tense and with the pronouns (he, she, it and one).
e.g. s, her walks, she runs

Question 20

Describe 3rd person singular irregular morpheme. Provide an example

Answer 20

-Added to verbs in present tense and with the pronouns (he, she, it and one).
-she does talk, she goes there

Question 21

Describe copula morpheme (Uncontractible and contractible) Provide an example

Answer 21

Linking verb (not doing)
-Uncontractible: she is pretty, the dog’s are lazy
-Contractible: she’s pretty, they’re lazy

Question 22

Describe auxiliary morpheme. Provide an example

Answer 22

Helping verb, added to another, to indicate tense or when it is happening
-Uncontractible: she is singing, he is eating
-Contractible: she’s singing, he’s eating

Question 23

Define noun providing examples

Answer 23

person, thing, idea, quality, or state
-Can be singular/plural e.g. Dog vs dogs, Cup vs cups
-Can have irregular plurals e.g. Mices, geese, cacti, stimuli, appendices

Question 24

Describe pronouns providing examples of subtypes

Answer 24

Used in place of noun that is already known/has already been mentioned. E.g. I, me, mine, you, yours, his, her, hers, we, they, or them.
-Personal: in place of nouns referring to specific people or things.
-Possessive: indicate ownership without repeating person and objects name
-Reflexive: subject and object of sentence are same

Question 25

Describe adverbial providing examples

Answer 25

Describe manner of verb
-derived from adjectives by adding the /ly/ suffix “sad – sadly”
-Sometimes come after the verb, to describe its time or manner e.g. She fell ‘hard’, You want it now, she threw the ball ‘to the catcher’

Question 26

Describe adjectives providing examples

Answer 26

Word relating to noun, modify it’s meaning
-Can be positioned between the articles and noun e.g. The red duck
-Comparative and superlative terms can be adjectives- better, best. Fluffer, surer, dearest

Question 27

What are the types of clause components (write in order of which to find first)

Answer 27

-Verbs
-Subjects
-Objects (direct/indirect)
-Complements: contain info about subject
-Adverbials

Question 28

Describe subjects providing some examples

Answer 28

“who?” or “what?” did that verb? E.g. Cats clean their kittens
-Can be noun or pronoun, and often naming words
-Usually in front of the verb, not always
-can contain; more than one

Question 29

Name the 5 phrase components and their required headwords

Answer 29

-Noun phrase headword = noun
-Prepositional phrase headword = preposition
-Verb phrase headword = verb
-Adjectival phrase headword = adjective
-Adverbial phrase headword = adverb

Question 30

Describe a verb phrase and its inclusions

Answer 30

verb clause
-May include;
.Auxiliary, Modal Auxiliary, Adverb

Question 31

Describe a noun phrase and its inclusions

Answer 31

subjects, objects
Can include:
-Determiner (the, a, an, these): small closed set of words, come before noun (definite article, indefinite article)
-Intensifier (very, really):intensify adjective in phrase, before headword and adjective
-Adjective (pretty): describe noun/pronoun, can be several

Question 32

Describe a prepositional phrase and its inclusions

Answer 32

Adverbials
can include elements:
-Preposition
-Introducer
-Determiner
-Intensifier
-Adjective
-Noun/pronoun

Question 33

Describe an adjectival phrase phrase and its inclusions

Answer 33

In complement (where describes rather than defines subject)
includes:
adjective and intensifier (may not needed)

Question 34

Describe an adverbial phrase and its inclusions

Answer 34

Adverbial
includes adverb with an optional intensifier

Question 35

Describe modal auxiliary with examples

Answer 35

express ability, necessity, and obligation e.g. Can, could, may, might, shall, should, will, would, must