Communication and linguistics Wk 1 Flashcards
◦To identify the differences between speech, language and communication. ◦To identify the main properties of language ◦To determine what is linguistic aspects of communication, and what are paralinguistic and metalinguistic aspects of communication. ◦To identify and describe the five components of language
What are the 5 key ideas of language development
-predictable
-developmental milestones attained at same ish age in children
-developmental opportunity is needed
-children have developmental changes(periods of change)
-individuals differ greatly
Define communication providing examples. What is required for communication to occur?
active multimodal means of exchanging information, feelings, or ideas between participants e.g. speech, gestures, drawing
required:
-communicative competence (appropriate use of language in interaction)
-communicative interaction i.e. receiver (decoder) and sender (encoder)
-involves sending info (encoding), transmitting and comprehending (decoding)
Define linguistic. What are it’s features
language based communication that utilises complex codes.
e.g.
-speaking and listening
-writing and reading
-signing
Define extralinguistic. What are it’s 3 types.
beyond language based communication.
paralinguistic
non-linguistic
metalinguistic
Define paralinguistic communication providing some examples
non-language features used to assist language to communicate e.g.
affect/facial expressions, proxemics, speech rate, gesture, volume, pauses, prosody, posture
Define non-linguistic communication providing some examples
uses no language to communicate, other methods e.g.
affect/facial expressions, gesture, posture
Define metalinguistic
ability to discuss/analyse a language
Provide examples of gestures, affect and posture
gestures: head nods, shrugs
posture: slouched
affect: facial expressions (creased brow, downturn mouth)
Define proxemics
distance between speaker and the listener
Define prosody
the duration (length/stress), intensity (loudness, amplitude), and frequency (pitch) of speech
Use an example to define intonation
rising intonation=question/falling intonation=statement
Define language and it’s facts/components. Explain each fact/component
a code or conventional system which uses symbols (phonemes) that carry meaning (symbolic)
-bound by finite rules (socially accepted)
-arbitrary (rules are not based on anything)
-always changing (can be made from existing languages)
Define speech. What else does it concern than just oral?
Verbal/oral expression of language utilising sounds (physical act)
-execution requires precise coordination of muscle to make sounds
-also concerns: voice quality, intonation, rate
Define articulation
production of speech sounds (phonemes)
Define voice
Use of vocal folds (phonation), oral cavity (resonance) and breath support(respiration) to produce sounds
Define fluency
rhythm and pauses of speech
Define stress
emphasis of specific words/speech sounds
What percentage of information carried in communication is via speech
40%
Define dialect
subcategories of parent language (bound by similar but not identical rules)
What is the language code
sign/symbol: spoken or written word
referent: actual thing/action
symbol does not give info about referent but is the CODE
Define literal words
words can sound like the meaning to some extent
What are the 3 forms of language? what do they have in common
-oral
-written
-symbolic
all bound by finite rules, are symbolic, and arbitrary
Provide examples of oral language
-casual conversation
-exposition
-service encounter
-interview
-story telling
-jokes
-argument/debate
tone should be controlled/requires hearing proficiency
Provide examples and areas of fault with written language
-newspapers
-internet
-books
-email
-text messaging
-legalese
-academic paper/journals
cant convey tone so can go wrong in displaying true meaning/require reading proficiency
