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Psychology 1A > WK 5 - The Brain and Nervous System > Flashcards

WK 5 - The Brain and Nervous System Flashcards

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1
Q

A neurotransmitter that plays an important role in memory & learning.

A

Glutamate

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2
Q

A neurotransmitter that affects the nervous system involving thought, feeling, motivation and behaviour.

A

Dopamine

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3
Q

A neurotransmitter involved in regulating mood, sleep, eating, arousal and pain.

A

Seratonin

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4
Q

A neurotransmitter involved in learning and memory.

A

Acetylcholine (ACh)

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5
Q

Hormones that elevate mood and reduce pain.

A

Endorphins

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6
Q

Insulates the axon so the action potential is faster

A

myelin sheath

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7
Q

Prepares the body in response to a threat

A

sympathetic nervous system

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8
Q

When two individuals are having a conversation, which two regions of the brain are used?

A

Broca’s area and Wernicke’s area

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9
Q

The brain’s outermost layer of nerve cell tissue. It has a wrinkled appearance from its many folds and grooves and plays a key role in memory, thinking, learning, reasoning, problem-solving, emotions, and consciousness.

A

Cerebral Cortex

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10
Q

What carries information from cell to cell within the nervous system as well as to and from muscles and organs

A

neurons

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11
Q

Which area of the brain is responsible for processing conscious memory?

A

Hippocampus

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12
Q

Which lobe is found in the back of the brain and is the location of the brain’s visual system?

A

Occipital lobe

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13
Q

A tennis player swings to hit a ball with their left arm. Which area of the brain would help control movement of the arm?

A

Right motor cortex

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14
Q

Cocaine achieves it’s effect by inhibiting ______ -

A

reuptake

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15
Q

After a stroke, a man is still able to talk, but not to understand the speech of others, even though he can hear that language sounds are being produced. They have probably suffered damage to ____________.

A

Wernicke’s area

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16
Q

What is the largest part of the human brain?

A

Cerebrum

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17
Q

What is the function of the frontal lobe in the brain?

A

Planning, decision making and personality

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18
Q

What is the main role of the brainstem?

A

Regulating unconscious body functions

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19
Q

What is the process by which the brain interprets and processes sensory information called?

A

Perception

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20
Q

What is the function of the amygdala in the brain?

A

Regulates emotional responses

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21
Q

What type of brain cells are responsible for transmitting nerve impulses?

A

Neurons

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22
Q

What is the function of the neuro transmitter dopamine in the brain?

A

Regulates mood, movement & rewards

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23
Q

What part of the brain relays sensory messages to the cortex?

A

Thalamus

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24
Q

The thick band of axons connecting the two hemispheres of the cerebral cortex

A

Corpus callosum

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25
Q

The most primitive part of the brain

A

Hindbrain

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26
Q

The thalamus, hypothalamus, amygdala and hippocampus are all a part of the ___________ system.

A

Limbic

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27
Q

Responsible for language, hearing, visual pattern and recognition.

A

Temporal lobe

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28
Q

The lobe responsible for vision

A

Occipital lobes

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29
Q

A neurotransmitter involved in thought, feeling, motivation and behaviour.

A

Dopamine

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30
Q

Involved in complex sensory, emotional, cognitive and behavioural process and consists of the hypothalamus, thalamus and cerebrum.

A

Forebrain

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31
Q

______________ allows the brain to continue to develop and change itself in response to neural, environmental and behavioural experiences

A

Neuroplasticity

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32
Q

The autonomic nervous system involved in conserving and maintaining the body’s energy resources.

A

Parasympathetic nervous system

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33
Q

A neurotransmitter involved in the regulation of mood, sleep, eating, arousal and pain.

A

Serotonin

34
Q

A branch of the autonomic nervous system, typically activated in response to threats to the organism, which readies the body for ‘fight-or-flight’ reactions.

A

Sympathetic nervous system

35
Q

A brain structure located in the left temporal lobe involved in language comprehension.

A

Wernicke’s area

36
Q

Necessary for speech production

A

Broca’s area

37
Q

What carry’s sensory information from sensory receptors to the central nervous system?

A

Sensory neurons

38
Q

What transmits commands from the brain to the glands and muscles of the body?

A

Motor neurons

39
Q

What connects neuron’s with each other?

A

Interneurons

40
Q

Axons are often covered with ________ for more efficient electrical transmission.

A

myelin

41
Q

The voltage at which a neutron is not firing

A

Resting potential

42
Q

When a neuron sends information down an axon, away from the cell body.

A

action potential

43
Q

A collection of glands that control various bodily functions through the secretion of hormones

A

Endocrine system

44
Q

The part of the nervous system that controls basic life processes such as the beating heart and breathing.

A

autonomic nervous system

45
Q

The part of the nervous system that receives information through sensory receptors in the skin, muscles and other parts of the body.

A

somatic nervous system

46
Q

The part of the nervous system that carries messages to and from the central nervous system.

A

peripheral nervous system

47
Q

What is the function of the brainstem in the brain?

A

Regulating unconscious body functions

48
Q

What is the function of the cerebellum in the brain?

A

Movement and coordination

49
Q

What is the role of the hippocampus in the brain?

A

Emotions and memories

50
Q

Which region of the brain is responsible for regulating basic bodily functions such as hunger and thirst?

A

Hypothalamus

51
Q

What is the basic unit of the nervous system?

A

Neuron

52
Q

The brain and spinal chord make up which part of the nervous system?

A

Central Nervous System (CNS)

53
Q

The Somatic Nervous System, Autonomic Nervous System and Enteric Nervous System all make up part of which nervous system?

A

Peripheral Nervous System

54
Q

What are the three basic parts of a neuron?

A

Soma (cell body), dendrites (listeners), axon (talker)

55
Q

What role does an axon play in a neuron?

A

Transmits messages to other cells

56
Q

What role do dendrites play in a neuron?

A

Receive information from other cells

57
Q

What are the contact points that connect neurons?

A

Synapses

58
Q

Which neurotransmitter helps control alertness and arousal?

A

Norepinephrine

59
Q

GABA & seratonin are ______________ neurotransmitters

A

Inhibitory

60
Q

_____________ & ______________ act on the brain to effect and regulate our body

A

Hormones, neurotransmitters

61
Q

Adrenal glands, pancreas, thyroid glands, parathyroid glands, pertuatary gland, testes and ovaries are all a part of the ____________ system.

A

Endocrine system

62
Q

Hormone responsible for the ‘fight or flight’ response

A

Adrenaline

63
Q

The space in between the axon of one neuron and the dendrites of another.

A

Synaptic Gap

64
Q

Cells that support neurons and hold them in place

A

Glial cells

65
Q

Three major types of neurons:

A

Sensory neurons, motor neurons, interneurons

66
Q

What is the part of the brain responsible for regulating basic functions like breathing and heart rate?

A

Medulla oblongata

67
Q

Which cortex located in the parietal lobe is responsible for processing sensory information like touch and temperature?

A

Somatosensory cortex

68
Q

What is the part of the brain responsible for voluntary movement and coordination?

A

Cerebellum

69
Q

Which part of the brain is responsible for emotions and motivation?

A

Limbic system

70
Q

What is the part of the brain responsible for memory and learning?

A

Hippocampus

71
Q

Which part of the brain is responsible for vision?

A

Occipital lobe

72
Q

What is the part of the brain responsible for processing auditory information?

A

Auditory coretex

73
Q

Which part of the brain is responsible for decision-making and impulse control?

A

Pre-frontal coretex

74
Q

In which lobes of the cerebral cortex is the auditory cortex located?

A

Temporal lobes

75
Q

In which lobes of the cerebral cortex is the pre-frontal cortex located?

A

Frontal lobes

76
Q

In which lobes of the cerebral cortex is the somatosensory cortex located?

A

Parietal lobes

77
Q

The creation of new neurons

A

Neurogenesis

78
Q

What is the function of the peripheral nervous system?

A

To transmit sensory information to the central nervous system

79
Q

Which division of the peripheral nervous system is responsible for the “fight or flight” response?

A

Autonomic nervous system

80
Q

What is the name of the type of neuron that transmits information from the central nervous system to the muscles and glands?

A

Motor neurons

81
Q

Neurotransmitter found in all motor neurons and involved in all body movement. It also plays a role in learning and memory.

A

Acetylcholine (ACh)

Psychology 1A (9 decks)

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