WK 5 - The Brain and Nervous System Flashcards
A neurotransmitter that plays an important role in memory & learning.
Glutamate
A neurotransmitter that affects the nervous system involving thought, feeling, motivation and behaviour.
Dopamine
A neurotransmitter involved in regulating mood, sleep, eating, arousal and pain.
Seratonin
A neurotransmitter involved in learning and memory.
Acetylcholine (ACh)
Hormones that elevate mood and reduce pain.
Endorphins
Insulates the axon so the action potential is faster
myelin sheath
Prepares the body in response to a threat
sympathetic nervous system
When two individuals are having a conversation, which two regions of the brain are used?
Broca’s area and Wernicke’s area
The brain’s outermost layer of nerve cell tissue. It has a wrinkled appearance from its many folds and grooves and plays a key role in memory, thinking, learning, reasoning, problem-solving, emotions, and consciousness.
Cerebral Cortex
What carries information from cell to cell within the nervous system as well as to and from muscles and organs
neurons
Which area of the brain is responsible for processing conscious memory?
Hippocampus
Which lobe is found in the back of the brain and is the location of the brain’s visual system?
Occipital lobe
A tennis player swings to hit a ball with their left arm. Which area of the brain would help control movement of the arm?
Right motor cortex
Cocaine achieves it’s effect by inhibiting ______ -
reuptake
After a stroke, a man is still able to talk, but not to understand the speech of others, even though he can hear that language sounds are being produced. They have probably suffered damage to ____________.
Wernicke’s area
What is the largest part of the human brain?
Cerebrum
What is the function of the frontal lobe in the brain?
Planning, decision making and personality
What is the main role of the brainstem?
Regulating unconscious body functions
What is the process by which the brain interprets and processes sensory information called?
Perception
What is the function of the amygdala in the brain?
Regulates emotional responses
What type of brain cells are responsible for transmitting nerve impulses?
Neurons
What is the function of the neuro transmitter dopamine in the brain?
Regulates mood, movement & rewards
What part of the brain relays sensory messages to the cortex?
Thalamus
The thick band of axons connecting the two hemispheres of the cerebral cortex
Corpus callosum
The most primitive part of the brain
Hindbrain
The thalamus, hypothalamus, amygdala and hippocampus are all a part of the ___________ system.
Limbic
Responsible for language, hearing, visual pattern and recognition.
Temporal lobe
The lobe responsible for vision
Occipital lobes
A neurotransmitter involved in thought, feeling, motivation and behaviour.
Dopamine
Involved in complex sensory, emotional, cognitive and behavioural process and consists of the hypothalamus, thalamus and cerebrum.
Forebrain
______________ allows the brain to continue to develop and change itself in response to neural, environmental and behavioural experiences
Neuroplasticity
The autonomic nervous system involved in conserving and maintaining the body’s energy resources.
Parasympathetic nervous system
A neurotransmitter involved in the regulation of mood, sleep, eating, arousal and pain.
Serotonin
A branch of the autonomic nervous system, typically activated in response to threats to the organism, which readies the body for ‘fight-or-flight’ reactions.
Sympathetic nervous system
A brain structure located in the left temporal lobe involved in language comprehension.
Wernicke’s area
Necessary for speech production
Broca’s area
What carry’s sensory information from sensory receptors to the central nervous system?
Sensory neurons
What transmits commands from the brain to the glands and muscles of the body?
Motor neurons
What connects neuron’s with each other?
Interneurons
Axons are often covered with ________ for more efficient electrical transmission.
myelin
The voltage at which a neutron is not firing
Resting potential
When a neuron sends information down an axon, away from the cell body.
action potential
A collection of glands that control various bodily functions through the secretion of hormones
Endocrine system
The part of the nervous system that controls basic life processes such as the beating heart and breathing.
autonomic nervous system
The part of the nervous system that receives information through sensory receptors in the skin, muscles and other parts of the body.
somatic nervous system
The part of the nervous system that carries messages to and from the central nervous system.
peripheral nervous system
What is the function of the brainstem in the brain?
Regulating unconscious body functions
What is the function of the cerebellum in the brain?
Movement and coordination
What is the role of the hippocampus in the brain?
Emotions and memories
Which region of the brain is responsible for regulating basic bodily functions such as hunger and thirst?
Hypothalamus
What is the basic unit of the nervous system?
Neuron
The brain and spinal chord make up which part of the nervous system?
Central Nervous System (CNS)
The Somatic Nervous System, Autonomic Nervous System and Enteric Nervous System all make up part of which nervous system?
Peripheral Nervous System
What are the three basic parts of a neuron?
Soma (cell body), dendrites (listeners), axon (talker)
What role does an axon play in a neuron?
Transmits messages to other cells
What role do dendrites play in a neuron?
Receive information from other cells
What are the contact points that connect neurons?
Synapses
Which neurotransmitter helps control alertness and arousal?
Norepinephrine
GABA & seratonin are ______________ neurotransmitters
Inhibitory
_____________ & ______________ act on the brain to effect and regulate our body
Hormones, neurotransmitters
Adrenal glands, pancreas, thyroid glands, parathyroid glands, pertuatary gland, testes and ovaries are all a part of the ____________ system.
Endocrine system
Hormone responsible for the ‘fight or flight’ response
Adrenaline
The space in between the axon of one neuron and the dendrites of another.
Synaptic Gap
Cells that support neurons and hold them in place
Glial cells
Three major types of neurons:
Sensory neurons, motor neurons, interneurons
What is the part of the brain responsible for regulating basic functions like breathing and heart rate?
Medulla oblongata
Which cortex located in the parietal lobe is responsible for processing sensory information like touch and temperature?
Somatosensory cortex
What is the part of the brain responsible for voluntary movement and coordination?
Cerebellum
Which part of the brain is responsible for emotions and motivation?
Limbic system
What is the part of the brain responsible for memory and learning?
Hippocampus
Which part of the brain is responsible for vision?
Occipital lobe
What is the part of the brain responsible for processing auditory information?
Auditory coretex
Which part of the brain is responsible for decision-making and impulse control?
Pre-frontal coretex
In which lobes of the cerebral cortex is the auditory cortex located?
Temporal lobes
In which lobes of the cerebral cortex is the pre-frontal cortex located?
Frontal lobes
In which lobes of the cerebral cortex is the somatosensory cortex located?
Parietal lobes
The creation of new neurons
Neurogenesis
What is the function of the peripheral nervous system?
To transmit sensory information to the central nervous system
Which division of the peripheral nervous system is responsible for the “fight or flight” response?
Autonomic nervous system
What is the name of the type of neuron that transmits information from the central nervous system to the muscles and glands?
Motor neurons
Neurotransmitter found in all motor neurons and involved in all body movement. It also plays a role in learning and memory.
Acetylcholine (ACh)
