WK 4 - States Of Consciousness Flashcards
The subjective awareness of mental events.
Consciousness
The process of focusing conscious awareness, providing heightened sensitivity to a limited range of experience
Attention
The biological rhythm that evolved around the daily cycles of light and dark.
Circadian rhythms
Most dreaming occurs in which stage of sleep?
REM sleep
From a psychodynamic perspective, what are the three types of mental activities?
Conicious, preconcious and unconscious
Self-report questionnaires, brain imaging techniques and behavioural observation can be used to measure what?
Consciousness
Filtering out other conversations at a party is an example of what?
Selective attention
‘Paying attention on purpose, in the present moment and nonjudgementally’ describes what?
Mindfulness
Being on the phone and someone in the room talking is an example of…
Divided attention
Dichotic listening is an example of
Divided attention
The mental state of consciousness in which a person performing an activity is fully absorbed in a feeling of energised focus, complete involvement and intrinsic enjoyment of the activity.
Flow
The conscious state in which a person turns attention to internal thoughts and imagined scenarios.
Daydreams
Subliminal perception can have an impact on conscious thought and behaviour.
TRUE or FALSE
TRUE
Sensory deprivation, hypnosis and meditation are examples of ________________
Psychologically induced states of consciousness
Hallucinations, orgasm and food/oxygen starvation, are examples of ________________
Physiologically induced states of consciousness
Daydreaming, drowsiness and dreaming are examples of ________________
Spontaneously induced states of consciousness
Boredom makes you feel sleepy, even if you have had enough sleep.
TRUE or FALSE
FALSE
Everyone dreams at night.
TRUE or FALSE
TRUE
Most sleep disorders go away, even without treatment.
TRUE or FALSE
FALSE
If you’re sleepy, raising the volume of your radio is a great way to stay awake while driving.
TRUE or FALSE
FALSE
No matter how sleepy you are, you can force yourself to stay awake.
TRUE or FALSE
FALSE
Resting in bed with your eyes closed cannot satisfy your body’s need for sleep.
TRUE or FALSE
TRUE
Sleep disorders are mainly due to worry or psychological problems.
TRUE or FALSE
FALSE
Sleeping just one hour less a night can prevent you from learning or functioning normally.
TRUE or FALSE
TRUE
Snoring is never harmful as long as it doesn’t disturb others.
TRUE or FALSE
FALSE
The human body never fully adjusts to night shift work.
TRUE or FALSE
TRUE
As an adult, the older you get, the fewer hours of sleep you need.
TRUE or FALSE
FALSE
Sleep stages can be measured and assessed by ____________.
EEG
Decreasing responsiveness to a drug over time
Tolerance
In which sleep stage does brain activity mimic that of being awake?
REM
Meditation, hypnosis, drugs and religious experiences can all induce _____________
Altered states of consciousness
What is the most widely used psychoactive substance in the world?
Alcohol
Depressants, stimulants and hallucinogens are examples of _____________.
Psychoactive substances
Drugs that slow down the nervous system
Depressants
A research technique whereby participants report on the contents of consciousness at specified times
Experience sampling
Drugs that produce hallucinations
Hallucinogens
Drugs that increase alertness, energy and reactivity
Stimulants
I have a mole on my shoulder that is slowly getting darker. I decide to ignore it because I don’t want to find out if it’s cancerous or not. I am exhibiting:
Selective inattention
A group of friends and I went to a show with a famous hypnotist. My friend went on stage and was deeply hypnotised in no time. She displays:
Hypnotic susceptibility
If our circadian clocks are not reset each morning by exposure to light they tend to run ________ than 24 hours.
longer
Stages ____________ are often referred to as slow-wave sleep. During these stages, the body is relaxed and people are usually hard to wake.
three and four
We cycle through the sleep stages approximately every ________ minutes
90
What is the term for the biological process that regulates the timing of sleep and wakefulness in humans?
a) Melatonin
b) Circadian rhythm
c) REM sleep
d) Sleep apnea
b) Circadian rhythm
Which stage of sleep is characterized by slow brain waves, relaxed muscles, and a decrease in heart rate and breathing?
a) Stage 1
b) Stage 2
c) Stage 3
d) REM sleep
c) Stage 3
Which theory of dreaming suggests that dreams are a way to process and consolidate information from the day?
a) Activation-synthesis theory
b) Neurocognitive theory
c) Cognitive theory
d) Psychoanalytic theory
c) Cognitive theory
What is the term for the experience of waking up and being unable to move or speak?
a) Sleepwalking
b) Night terrors
c) Sleep paralysis
d) REM behaviour disorder
c) Sleep paralysis
What is the recommended amount of sleep for adults, according to the National Sleep Foundation?
a) 6-7 hours
b) 7-8 hours
c) 8-9 hours
d) 9-10 hours
b) 7-8 hours
Which neurotransmitter is associated with the regulation of sleep and wakefulness?
a) Serotonin
b) Dopamine
c) Acetylcholine
d) GABA
a) Serotonin
Which sleep disorder is characterized by loud snoring, pauses in breathing, and daytime fatigue?
a) Insomnia
b) Narcolepsy
c) Sleep apnea
d) Restless legs syndrome
c) Sleep apnea
What is the term for the phenomenon of feeling tired during the day despite getting a full night’s sleep?
a) Sleep apnea
b) Insomnia
c) Hypersomnia
d) Jet lag
c) Hypersomnia
Which sleep disorder is characterized by recurrent nightmares that cause significant distress or impairment in daily functioning?
a) Night terrors
b) Insomnia
c) REM sleep behavior disorder
d) Nightmare disorder
d) Nightmare disorder
Which hormone is released during sleep and is associated with feelings of hunger and appetite?
a) Cortisol
b) Leptin
c) Ghrelin
d) Melatonin
c) Ghrelin
What is an altered state of consciousness?
a) A state of being fully alert and aware of one’s surroundings
b) A state in which an individual experiences changes in their thoughts, feelings, or perceptions
c) A state of deep sleep
b) A state in which an individual experiences changes in their thoughts, feelings, or perceptions
Which part of the brain is primarily responsible for regulating sleep and wakefulness?
a) Hippocampus
b) Cerebellum
c) Hypothalamus
c) Hypothalamus
Which of the following is a characteristic of a lucid dream?
a) The dreamer is unaware that they are dreaming
b) The dreamer has some degree of control over the dream
c) The dream is always a nightmare
b) The dreamer has some degree of control over the dream
What is the name of the substance found in the peyote cactus that is known for its hallucinogenic properties?
a) Psilocybin
b) Mescaline
c) DMT
b) Mescaline
Which of the following is NOT a common effect of marijuana use?
a) Increased appetite
b) Decreased heart rate
c) Altered perception of time
b) Decreased heart rate
What is the term used to describe the state of heightened suggestibility that can be induced through hypnosis?
a) Trance
b) Meditation
c) Altered reality
a) Trance
What is the name of the technique used in some meditation practices where the meditator focuses on their breath to quiet the mind?
a) Vipassana
b) Transcendental
c) Zen
a) Vipassana
Which of the following is a potential danger associated with the use of hallucinogenic drugs?
a) Physical addiction
b) Increased risk of heart disease
c) Bad trips and psychological distress
c) Bad trips and psychological distress
What is the name of the phenomenon where an individual feels detached from their body and surroundings?
a) Sleepwalking
b) Out-of-body experience
c) Hypnagogic state
b) Out-of-body experience
___________ are drugs that mimic the receptor effects of a neurotransmitter
Agonists
____________ are drugs that block the receptor effects of a neurotransmitter
Antagonists
