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Chem 2 > Wk 4, Wk 5, Jeopardy > Flashcards

Wk 4, Wk 5, Jeopardy Flashcards

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1
Q

All of the following are effects of PTH on the kidneys except:

-Increase the reabsorption of renal tubular calcium
-Increase phosphate excretion
-Enhance 1 alpha-hydroxylation of 25-hydroxy vitamin D
-Increased water loss

A

Increased water loss

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2
Q

Rickets is a deficiency in vitamin D in children. What is the corresponding disease in adults?

-Osteogenesis imperfecta
-Osteomalacia
-Ankylosing spondylitis
-Paget disease

A

Osteomalacia

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3
Q

All of the following are functions of calcium except:

-Blood coagulation
-Nerve cell transmission
-Intercellular adhesion
-Muscle repolarization

A

Muscle repolarization

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4
Q

A patient was admitted to the critical care unit of a hospital after their lab values came back as abnormal. PTH values were very low, calcium levels were very high, and Vit D 25(OH) levels were extremely high. It is to be noted that the patient has recently had a change in diet and lifestyle, and the patient claimed historically having a very bad diet. Their general practitioner noted that the patient has recently been taking a large amount of vitamin supplements. Based on this information, what is the most likely cause for the lab values?

-Hypervitaminosis D
-Addison’s Disease
-Primary Hypoparathyroidism
-Grave’s disease

A

Hypervitaminosis D

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5
Q

This is the pathological state in which the heart fails to adequately supply the metabolic needs of the body, typically due to a decrease in pumping function.

-Heart failure
-Heart attack
-Pulmonary embolism
-Angina

A

Heart failure

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6
Q

Which test, if elevated, would provide information about risk for developing coronary artery disease?

-Troponin
-CK-MB
-hs-CRP
-Myoglobin

A

hs-CRP

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7
Q

Which of the following sets of tests would be the most useful in diagnosing an AMI?

-AST, LD, CK-MB
-LD, CK-MB, troponin
-CK-MB, troponin, myoglobin
-LD, troponin, myoglobin

A

CK-MB, troponin, myoglobin

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8
Q

These types of cardiac insults can result in cardiac injury and elevated cardiac biomarkers.

A. Myocarditis
B. Cardiomyopathies
C. Wall stress
D. Myocardial infarction
A, B and D
B, C, and D
All of the above

A

All of the above

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9
Q

If the results for serological markers include:

HBsAg +
Anti-HBs =
Anti-HBc (total) +
HBeAg +
Anti-HBe =

What would that indicate?

-Chronic Hep B, active replicating
-Chronic Hep B, non replicating
-Chronic Hep C
-Early acute infection Hep B

A

Chronic Hep B, active replicating

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10
Q

This type of jaundice is associated with excessive destruction of RBCs without elevation of ALT levels.

-Post hepatic
-Hepatic
-Pre hepatic
-Hepatobiliary

A

Pre hepatic

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11
Q

This is a liver disease characterized by a defective conjugation system and it affects 5% of the population of the U.S.

-Dubin-Johnson Syndrome
-Gilbert’s Syndrome
-Crigler-Najjar Syndrome
-Reyes’s Syndrome

A

Gilbert’s Syndrome

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12
Q

What is the target organ for an infant with kernicterus?

-Brain
-Heart
-Kidney
-Liver

A

Brain

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13
Q

A GFR of 15mL/min/m2 or less, creatinine clearance of <10mL/min, BUN of >50 mg/dL, creatinine >3 mg/dL, potassium > 6.5 mEq/L, and hemoglobin <10 g/dL are all lab test values indicative of what disease state?

-Kidney failure
-Glomerulonephritis
-Nephrotic Syndrome
-Renal Tubular Acidosis

A

Kidney failure

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14
Q

When only the glomerulus has been damaged, ______ proteins can pass through the glomerular membrane to be excreted in urine when it couldn’t before the damage.

A. Small (low molecular weight)
B. Large (high molecular weight)
Both A and B
None of the above

A

B. Large (high molecular weight)

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15
Q

The glomeruli and proximal and distal tubules are located in the renal _____.

-Pelvis
-Medulla
-Cortex
-None of the above

A

Cortex

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16
Q

What is the proper order of structures of a nephron from the blood to the collecting duct?

-Glomerulus, distal tubule, proximal tubule, loop of Henle
- Loop of Henle, glomerulus, proximal tubule, distal tubule
-Glomerulus, proximal tubule, loop of Henle, distal tubule
-Loop of Henle, proximal tubule, distal tubule, glomerulus

A

Glomerulus, proximal tubule, loop of Henle, distal tubule

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17
Q

Which of the three troponins, do we not measure in the lab due to the lack of cardiac specificity?

A

Troponin C

18
Q

This test can be used to help rule out pulmonary embolism.

A

D-Dimer

19
Q

Which test has the widest window of detection for AMIs.

A

Troponins

20
Q

This test can be used to help differentiate between heart failure and lung disease.

A

BNP, NT-proBNP

21
Q

Name a test that can be used for cardiovascular risk stratification.

A

hs-CRP
Homocysteine
Troponin

22
Q

Synthesis of Vitamin D begins in the:

A

Skin

23
Q

Common bone disease seen in small statured women.

A

Osteoporosis

24
Q

This hormone regulates blood calcium levels in circulation.

A

PTH

25
Q

What is the active form of Vitamin D called?

A

1,25(OH)2 Vitamin D

26
Q

Low blood calcium is sensed by what in the parathyroid

A

CSR-Calcium sensing receptors

27
Q

What is the most common crystal found in kidney stones?

A

Calcium oxalate

28
Q

What is secreted by the posterior pituitary in response to increased blood osmolality?

A

AVP/ADH

29
Q

This protein is known to be nephrotoxic when released from the muscles.

A

Myoglobin

30
Q

What is the term for infection in the kidneys.

A

Pyelonephritis

31
Q

What test can be used to detect acute kidney injury before creatinine?

A

Cystatin C

32
Q

How many lobes are there in the liver?

A

2

33
Q

Cells in the liver responsible for all the major functions.

A

Hepatocytes

34
Q

What protein binds bilirubin?

A

Albumin

35
Q

What percentage of people infected with HBV recover within 6 months?

A

90%

36
Q

What are the two major sources of blood supply to the liver?

A

Hepatic artery and portal vein

37
Q

The most common cause of liver failure in the U.S.

A

Alcoholism

38
Q

Where is 1,25 dihydroxyvitamin D formed?

A

Kidney

39
Q

This aminotransferase is more liver specific.

A

ALT

40
Q

Performing this test can help distinguish between hepatobiliary disease and osteogenic bone disease.

A

ALP

41
Q

If a patient has a total bilirubin of 5.9 and a direct bilirubin of 1.6, what is the indirect bilirubin?

A

4.3

Chem 2 (6 decks)

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