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Chem 2 > Exam 3 > Flashcards

Exam 3 Flashcards

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1
Q

Which could account for drug toxicity following a normally prescribed dose to the geriatric patient?

Decreased renal clearance
Slowing of drug absorption
Liver impairment
All of the above

A

All of the above

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2
Q

All of the following represent normal physiology of the newborn except:

-Weight of 2.1 kg
-Immature liver function and inability to eliminate excess bilirubin
-Infants normally rapidly adapt by initiating active respiration
-4-6 months for the infants body weight to double

A

Weight of 2.1 kg

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3
Q

Which of these statements are true.

-Regular exercise can improve the quality of life among geriatric patients
-Exercise can help prevent depression and other diseases
-Proper nutrition is important along with exercise
-All of these statements are true

A

All of these statements are true

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4
Q

Which test would be likely to show an increase in value in a geriatric patient?

Calcium
Testosterone
ANAs
Aldosterone

A

ANAs

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5
Q

It is easy to find healthy adults, over 65, with no preexisting conditions, to use to develop normal ranges.

True
False

A

False

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6
Q

Which of the following conditions are related to acidosis in the pediatric patient?

Anoxia and trauma during delivery
Respiratory distress syndrome
Hyperammoneima caused by liver disease
Hyperventilation

A

Anoxia and trauma during delivery

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7
Q

Which of the following biomarkers are found in high concentrations in neonates as compared to adults?

Creatinine
Ammonia
Uric acid levels
Total immunoglobulins

A

Ammonia

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8
Q

What are special considerations that need to be taken into account with regards to neonatal blood collections. (select all that apply)

-Sample should always be keep on ice
-Care should be taken to minimize evaporation of the sample from open tubes
-Should be processed on large automation
-Sample volume should be minimized to reduce blood loss

A

-Care should be taken to minimize evaporation of the sample from open tubes
-Sample volume should be minimized to reduce blood loss

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9
Q

Which of the following choices is false concerning blood obtained by heel stick (capillary) and venipuncture (venous)?

-The chemical composition of the sera derived from each is identical
-The capillary specimen is likely contaminated with interstitial fluid
-Venous blood contains higher bilirubin and calcium concentrations
-Capillary blood contains less concentrated proteins dues to mixing with interstitial fluid

A

The chemical composition of the sera derived from each is identical

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10
Q

Specimens for porphyrin testing do not need to be protected from light.

True
False

A

False

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11
Q

Match the porphyria with its symptom type:
Acute intermittent porphyria (AIP)

Neuropsychiatric
Neurocutaneous
Cutaneous

A

Neuropsychiatric

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12
Q

Match the porphyria with its symptom type:
Erythropoietic protoporphyria (EPP)

Neuropsychiatric
Neurocutaneous
Cutaneous

A

Cutaneous

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13
Q

Match the porphyria with its symptom type:
Variegate porphyria (VP)

Neuropsychiatric
Neurocutaneous
Cutaneous

A

Neurocutaneous

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14
Q

Match the porphyria with its symptom type:
Congenital erythropoietic porphyria (CEP)

Neuropsychiatric
Neurocutaneous
Cutaneous

A

Cutaneous

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15
Q

Which statement about secondary porphyrinurias is not true.

-Can be caused by liver disease and heavy metal poisoning
-Inherited disorders of bilirubin metabolism
-Are an inherited condition associated with increased excretion of urinary porphyrins
-Not due to an inherited defect in heme synthesis

A

Are an inherited condition associated with increased excretion of urinary porphyrins

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16
Q

Match the word to the definition that best defines it:
Porphyrias

-A group of rare disorders that result from disturbances in heme synthesis
-Disorders that have qualitative defects in the hemoglobin molecule
-A simple heme protein found in cardiac and skeletal muscles
-Quantitative defects in the production of hemoglobin molecules
-The prosthetic group of hemoglobin responsible for binding oxygen

A

A group of rare disorders that result from disturbances in heme synthesis

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17
Q

Match the word to the definition that best defines it:
Hemoglobinopathies

-A group of rare disorders that result from disturbances in heme synthesis
-Disorders that have qualitative defects in the hemoglobin molecule
-A simple heme protein found in cardiac and skeletal muscles
-Quantitative defects in the production of hemoglobin molecules
-The prosthetic group of hemoglobin responsible for binding oxygen

A

Disorders that have qualitative defects in the hemoglobin molecule

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18
Q

Match the word to the definition that best defines it:
Myoglobin

-A group of rare disorders that result from disturbances in heme synthesis
-Disorders that have qualitative defects in the hemoglobin molecule
-A simple heme protein found in cardiac and skeletal muscles
-Quantitative defects in the production of hemoglobin molecules
-The prosthetic group of hemoglobin responsible for binding oxygen

A

A simple heme protein found in cardiac and skeletal muscles

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19
Q

Match the word to the definition that best defines it:
Thalassemias

-A group of rare disorders that result from disturbances in heme synthesis
-Disorders that have qualitative defects in the hemoglobin molecule
-A simple heme protein found in cardiac and skeletal muscles
-Quantitative defects in the production of hemoglobin molecules
-The prosthetic group of hemoglobin responsible for binding oxygen

A

Quantitative defects in the production of hemoglobin molecules

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20
Q

Match the word to the definition that best defines it:
Heme

-A group of rare disorders that result from disturbances in heme synthesis
-Disorders that have qualitative defects in the hemoglobin molecule
-A simple heme protein found in cardiac and skeletal muscles
-Quantitative defects in the production of hemoglobin molecules
-The prosthetic group of hemoglobin responsible for binding oxygen

A

The prosthetic group of hemoglobin responsible for binding oxygen

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21
Q

The aqueous solubility of porphyrins varies with the number of carboxylic acid substitutes present in that particular porphyrin compound.

True
False

A

True

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22
Q

How many pyrrole rings make up a porphyrin ring?

3
4
6
10

A

4

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23
Q

This is chelated to the porphyrin ring to form heme.

Calcium
Iron
Oxygen
Carbon dioxide

A

Iron

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24
Q

Which type of porphyria is not considered chronic?

Hereditary coproporphyria
Congenital erythroportic porphyria
Erythroportic porphyria
Porphyria cutanea tarda

A

Hereditary coproporphyria

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25
Q

Which of the following is a qualitative screening test for porphobilinogen that may be performed to aid in the diagnosis of the porphyrias?

Caraway test
Gutman test
Jendreassik-Grok test
Watson-Schwartz test

A

Watson-Schwartz test

26
Q

The most common abnormalities in the structure of hemoglobin is:

Amino acid deletions
Elongated hemoglobin chains
Fused or hybrid chains
Amino acid substitutions

A

Amino acid substitutions

27
Q

Put in the order of electrophoretic mobility (slowest to fastest) on cellulose acetate.

Hemoglobin A
Hemoglobin S
Hemoglobin F
Hemoglobin C

A

Hemoglobin C
Hemoglobin S
Hemoglobin F
Hemoglobin A

28
Q

Which of the following hormones is responsible for the stimulation of ductal epithelial cell secretion of bicarbonate?

Gastrin
Secretin
Cholecystokinin (CCK)
Insulin

A

Secretin

29
Q

If this area of the pancreas becomes affected by cancer there is high potential that it will go undetected and lead to greater morbidity and mortality in the patient.

Head
Body
Neck
Tail

A

Tail

30
Q

Which of the following is not true regarding normal pancreatic fluid?

-It is clear, colorless, and watery
-It contains a high concentration of hydrochloric acid
-It maintains an alkaline pH
-It has the same concentration of potassium and sodium as serum

A

It contains a high concentration of hydrochloric acid

31
Q

The hormone responsible for the release of bile into the intestine and the secretion of enzymes by the pancreas is:

Cholecystokinin
Secretin
Ghrelin
Pancreatic polypeptide (PP) hormone

A

Cholecystokinin

32
Q

The exocrine function of the pancreas includes the production of insulin and glucagon.

True
False

A

False

33
Q

The recommended specimen requirement for steatorrhea is a:

12-stool collection
24-hour stool collection
48-hour stool collection
72-hour stool collection

A

72-hour stool collection

34
Q

In patients with exocrine pancreatic insufficiency, fecal fat is often decreased and fecal enzymes are increased.

True
False

A

False

35
Q

The Ampulla of Vater is where the pancreas and stomach join together.

True
False

A

False

36
Q

Match the cell type with the hormone it secretes:
Alpha

Insulin
Glucagon
Pancreatic polypeptide hormones
Somatostatin
Ghrelin

A

Glucagon

37
Q

Match the cell type with the hormone it secretes:
Beta

Insulin
Glucagon
Pancreatic polypeptide hormones
Somatostatin
Ghrelin

A

Insulin

38
Q

Match the cell type with the hormone it secretes:
Delta

Insulin
Glucagon
Pancreatic polypeptide hormones
Somatostatin
Ghrelin

A

Somatostatin

39
Q

Match the cell type with the hormone it secretes:
Gamma

Insulin
Glucagon
Pancreatic polypeptide hormones
Somatostatin
Ghrelin

A

Pancreatic polypeptide hormones

40
Q

Match the cell type with the hormone it secretes:
Epsilon

Insulin
Glucagon
Pancreatic polypeptide hormones
Somatostatin
Ghrelin

A

Ghrelin

41
Q

The Acinar cells produce hormones in the pancreas.

True
False

A

False

42
Q

This test may be used because it is a non-invasive, indirect indicator of moderate and severe exocrine pancreatic dysfunction.

Fecal Fat–Sudan staining
Fecal chymotrypsin
Fecal elastase-1
Cholecystokinin

A

Fecal elastase-1

43
Q

There are no associated risks with using TPN for patients who need it.

True
False

A

False

44
Q

Match the term with the description:
Marasmus

-A diet deficient in protein and calories
-A diet deficient in protein but adequate in calories

A

A diet deficient in protein and calories

45
Q

Match the term with the description:
Kwashiorkor

-A diet deficient in protein and calories
-A diet deficient in protein but adequate in calories

A

A diet deficient in protein but adequate in calories

46
Q

Since they are stored, water soluble vitamins have greater risk of toxicity.

True
False

A

False

47
Q

Which of these vitamins is water soluble? Select all correct answers

-Vitamin B6
-Vitamin D
-Vitamin A
-Vitamin C
-Vitamin K

A

Vitamin B6
Vitamin C

48
Q

This deficiency in this vitamin is associated with hair loss, anorexia, and depression. It is often found in hair products and supplements. Taking supplements that contain this may cause interference with certain test assays.

Vitamin A (retinol)
Vitamin B3 (niacin)
Vitamin C
Vitamin B7 (biotin)

A

Vitamin B7 (biotin)

49
Q

Select the two most common tests run to differentiate the reason behind a diagnosis of megaloblastic anemia.

-Folate
-Vitamin D
-Vitamin B6
-Vitamin B12

A

-Folate
-Vitamin B12

50
Q

Since they are stored, water soluble vitamins have greater risk of toxicity.

True
False

A

False

51
Q

If you had the following lab results, what would condition would you expect to see:
Transferrin increased
Ferritin decreased
% saturation decreased
TIBC increased

-Iron overdose
-Iron deficiency
-Malnutrition
-Chronic infection

A

Iron deficiency

52
Q

Match the term with its description:
TIBC

-The major iron storage protein for the body
-The primary plasma iron transport protein
-The theoretical amount of iron that could be bound if transferrin in the plasma was saturated
-The Fe3+ bound to transferrin

A

The theoretical amount of iron that could be bound if transferrin in the plasma was saturated

53
Q

Match the term with its description:
Ferritin

-The major iron storage protein for the body
-The primary plasma iron transport protein
-The theoretical amount of iron that could be bound if transferrin in the plasma was saturated
-The Fe3+ bound to transferrin

A

The major iron storage protein for the body

54
Q

Match the term with its description:
Transferrin

-The major iron storage protein for the body
-The primary plasma iron transport protein
-The theoretical amount of iron that could be bound if transferrin in the plasma was saturated
-The Fe3+ bound to transferrin

A

The primary plasma iron transport protein

55
Q

Match the term with its description:
Serum iron

-The major iron storage protein for the body
-The primary plasma iron transport protein
-The theoretical amount of iron that could be bound if transferrin in the plasma was saturated
-The Fe3+ bound to transferrin

A

The Fe3+ bound to transferrin

56
Q

Match the terms and their definitions:
Atomic Emission Spectroscopy

-Quantification of an element by measuring the intensity of emitted radiation from an aerosolized sample
-Determination of element quantity through the absorption of optical radiation by free atoms in the gas phase

A

Quantification of an element by measuring the intensity of emitted radiation from an aerosolized sample

57
Q

Match the terms and their definitions:
Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy

-Quantification of an element by measuring the intensity of emitted radiation from an aerosolized sample
-Determination of element quantity through the absorption of optical radiation by free atoms in the gas phase

A

Determination of element quantity through the absorption of optical radiation by free atoms in the gas phase

58
Q

This element is widely used in industrial and household ways, and interferes with enzyme activity. It is associated with encephalopathy, anemia, bone disease and progressive dementia. It is excreted mainly in the urine.

Copper
Aluminum
Cadmium
Arsenic

A

Aluminum

59
Q

An employee at a local glass blowing and manufacturing facility is admitted to the Psychiatric Hospital due to severe anxiety and constant bouts of compulsive laughing and crying. Given these symptoms, what kind of heavy metal toxicity should be expected?

Manganese
Mercury
Molybdenum
Selenium

A

Manganese

60
Q

Over the decades, this element has been considered a toxic element, a carcinogen, essential element, and an anti-carcinogen. It is also involved in the metabolism of thyroid hormones.

Zinc
Selenium
Copper
Molybdenum

A

Selenium

61
Q

This heavy metal has both an essential form and a toxic, nonessential form. When absorbed it will be bound by transferrin and transported by albumin.

Chromium
Cadmium
Copper
Aluminum

A

Chromium

Chem 2 (6 decks)

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