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Chem 2 > Exam 1 > Flashcards

Exam 1 Flashcards

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1
Q

A patient has the following thyroid profile: decreased total T4, decreased Free T4, positive thyroid peroxidase antibody, increased TSH. What is the most like scenario?

Idiopathic hyperthyroidism
Hashimotos’s thyroiditis
A normal thyroid
Grave’s disease

A

Hashimotos’s thyroiditis

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2
Q

The primary serum test to screen for thyroid disease is:

TSH
FT4
Reverse T3
Total T4

A

TSH

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3
Q

What is the major carrier protein of the thyroid hormones in the blood?

Albumin
Thyroxine binding pre-albumin
Thyroxine binding globulin
Thyroglobulin

A

Thyroxine binding globulin

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4
Q

Match the test results with the likely diagnosis:
TSH increased, T4 decreased

Hypothyroidism
Hyperthyroidism
Subclinical hypothyroidism

A

Hypothyroidism

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5
Q

Match the test results with the likely diagnosis:
TSH decreased, T4 normal

Hypothyroidism
Hyperthyroidism
Subclinical hypothyroidism

A

Subclinical hypothyroidism

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6
Q

Match the test results with the likely diagnosis:
TSH decreased, T4 increased

Hypothyroidism
Hyperthyroidism
Subclinical hypothyroidism

A

Hyperthyroidism

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7
Q

Match the test results with the likely diagnosis:
TSH increased, T4 normal

Hypothyroidism
Hyperthyroidism
Subclinical hypothyroidism

A

Subclinical hypothyroidism

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8
Q

Once synthesized, the thyroid hormones are stored in what area of the thyroid gland?

Epithelial cell wall of the follicle
Lumina of the follicle
Isthus of the thyroid gland
Extracellular space of the thyroid gland

A

Lumina of the follicle

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9
Q

How is the majority of reverse T3 (rT3) made?

-Monodeiondination of T4 in peripheral tissues
-Monodeiondination of T3 in peripheral tissues
-From T3 in the thyroid gland
-From thyroglobulin in the thyroid gland

A

Monodeiondination of T4 in peripheral tissues

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10
Q

The parafollicular cells of the thyroid gland secrete calcitonin.

True
False

A

True

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11
Q

T3 and T4 are more physiologically active than FT3 and FT4.

True
False

A

False

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12
Q

The most common cause of hyperthyroidism is:

Hashimoto’s thyroiditis
Grave’s disease
Pituitary tumor
Radiation therapy

A

Grave’s disease

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13
Q

An effective way to see if the thyroid gland is metabolically active is with a nuclear medicine evaluation.

True
False

A

True

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14
Q

The most common critical problem encountered with pre-term delivery is Respiratory Distress Syndrome

True
False

A

True

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15
Q

Acetylcholinesterase is not diagnostic for:

Anencephaly
Trisomy 21
Open spina bifida
Abdominal wall defects

A

Trisomy 21

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16
Q

Which test is a valuable first trimester screening test?

-Pregnancy associated plasma protein A
-Fetal fibronectin
-Maternal alpha fetoprotein
-Multiples of median

A

Pregnancy associated plasma protein A

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17
Q

What is produced by the embryonic yolk sac and also the fetal liver?

Inhibin A
Acetylcholinesterase
Unconjugated estriol
Alpha fetoprotein

A

Alpha fetoprotein

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18
Q

HCG is structurally similar to which hormone?

TSH
FT4
Cortisol
ACTH

A

TSH

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19
Q

Which of the following increases during pregnancy:

Protein catabolism
Plasma volume
Calcium
Iron

A

Plasma volume

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20
Q

A cluster of cells once implantation occurs is called a:

Zygote
Embryo
Blastocyte
Fetus

A

Embryo

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21
Q

During pregnancy, in the second trimester, hCG levels ______.

Increase
Return to pre-pregnancy levels
Decrease

A

Decrease

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22
Q

A laboratory measures maternal serum AFP (MS-AFP) at 16-18 weeks gestation as a screen for fetal disorders. The 16 week MS-AFP median is 32 mg/L and a 37 year old woman has a MS-AFP level of 34 mg/L. This result is consistent with:

-A normal MS-AFP level for 16 week gestation
-Possible neural tube defects, including spina bifida
-Possible multiple birth
-Possible trisomy disorder, including Down Syndrome

A

A normal MS-AFP level for 16 week gestation

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23
Q

Which of the following is not quantified in the triple test for Down Syndrome?

Alpha-1 fetoprotein
Unconjugated estriol
Progesterone
hCG

A

Progesterone

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24
Q

A pregnant patient presents to her OB/GYN in the first trimester of pregnancy with abnormal ultrasound readings, normal hCG, and AFP values of 8 MoM (normal is <2 MoM). Based on this evidence, what is most likely manifesting in the fetus?

-Neural tube defects
-Trisomy abnormalities like Down Syndrome
-This is a normal pregnancy
-None of the above

A

Neural tube defects

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25
Q

The major growth factor induced by Growth Hormone is IGF-2

True
False

A

False

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26
Q

What common substrate is used in the biosynthesis of adrenal steroids, including androgens and estrogens?

Cortisol
Catecholamines
Progesterone
Cholesterol

A

Cholesterol

27
Q

What hormone acts as an inhibiting hormone to Growth Hormone?

Dopamine
IGF-1
Somatostatin
Inhibin

A

Somatostatin

28
Q

Which of the following hormones can stimulate the production and release of TSH?

Dopamine
ACTH
GH
None of the above

A

None of the above

29
Q

Match the hormone with its tissue of origin: ACTH

Anterior pituitary
Adrenal cortex
Posterior pituitary
Adrenal medulla
Hypothalamus
Thyroid gland

A

Anterior pituitary

30
Q

Match the hormone with its tissue of origin: Aldosterone

Anterior pituitary
Adrenal cortex
Posterior pituitary
Adrenal medulla
Hypothalamus
Thyroid gland

A

Adrenal cortex

31
Q

Match the hormone with its tissue of origin: Epinephrine

Anterior pituitary
Adrenal cortex
Posterior pituitary
Adrenal medulla
Hypothalamus
Thyroid gland

A

Adrenal medulla

32
Q

Match the hormone with its tissue of origin: FSH

Anterior pituitary
Adrenal cortex
Posterior pituitary
Adrenal medulla
Hypothalamus
Thyroid gland

A

Anterior pituitary

33
Q

Match the hormone with its tissue of origin: Cortisol

Anterior pituitary
Adrenal cortex
Posterior pituitary
Adrenal medulla
Hypothalamus
Thyroid gland

A

Adrenal cortex

34
Q

Match the hormone with its tissue of origin: Arginine vasopressin

Anterior pituitary
Adrenal cortex
Posterior pituitary
Adrenal medulla
Hypothalamus
Thyroid gland

A

Posterior pituitary

35
Q

Match the hormone with its tissue of origin: Growth hormone

Anterior pituitary
Adrenal cortex
Posterior pituitary
Adrenal medulla
Hypothalamus
Thyroid gland

A

Anterior pituitary

36
Q

Match the hormone with its tissue of origin: GnRH

Anterior pituitary
Adrenal cortex
Posterior pituitary
Adrenal medulla
Hypothalamus
Thyroid gland

A

Hypothalamus

37
Q

Match the hormone with its tissue of origin: Dopamine

Anterior pituitary
Adrenal cortex
Posterior pituitary
Adrenal medulla
Hypothalamus
Thyroid gland

A

Adrenal medulla

38
Q

Match the hormone with its tissue of origin: T3

Anterior pituitary
Adrenal cortex
Posterior pituitary
Adrenal medulla
Hypothalamus
Thyroid gland

A

Thyroid gland

39
Q

Which of the following hormones inhibits GH and TSH?

Dopamine
Somatostatin
Growth hormone releasing hormone
Corticotropic releasing hormone

A

Somatostatin

40
Q

Match the hormone with the tissue it acts on: TRH

Pituitary
Thyroid
Adrenal gland
Gonads

A

Pituitary

41
Q

Match the hormone with the tissue it acts on: TSH

Pituitary
Thyroid
Adrenal gland
Gonads

A

Thyroid

42
Q

Match the hormone with the tissue it acts on: ACTH

Pituitary
Thyroid
Adrenal gland
Gonads

A

Adrenal gland

43
Q

Match the hormone with the tissue it acts on: LH

Pituitary
Thyroid
Adrenal gland
Gonads

A

Gonads

44
Q

What is the only neuroendocrine signal that inhibits prolactin?

Dopamine
Growth hormone
IGF-1
Epinephrine

A

Dopamine

45
Q

________failure of an endocrine gland is accompanied by dramatic increases in circulating levels of the corresponding pituitary tropic hormone.

Primary
Secondary
Tertiary

A

Primary

46
Q

Which is not a cause of hypopituitarism?

Trauma
Infection
Idiopathic
Surgery
All are causes of hypopituitarism

A

All are causes of hypopituitarism

47
Q

The major action of ________ is to regulate free water excretion.

Oxytocin
Dopamine
Arginine vasopressin
Prolactin

A

Arginine vasopressin

48
Q

Match the portion of the adrenal cortex with its major hormone: Zona glomerulosa

Aldosterone
Androgens
Cortisol

A

Aldosterone

49
Q

Match the portion of the adrenal cortex with its major hormone: Zona reticularis

Aldosterone
Androgens
Cortisol

A

Androgens

50
Q

Match the portion of the adrenal cortex with its major hormone: Zona fasciculata

Aldosterone
Androgens
Cortisol

A

Cortisol

51
Q

A person who has features that includes: narrow shoulders, poor muscle development, longer legs, and an extra X chromosome would be diagnosed with:

Turner Syndrome
Klinefelter Syndrome
Hirsutism
Hashimoto’s

A

Klinefelter Syndrome

52
Q

_________ has a surge during the luteal phase of a menstrual cycle.

FSH
Progesterone
LH
Testosterone

A

Progesterone

53
Q

Which of the following tissues doesn’t secrete steroid hormones?

Ovaries
Pituitary gland
Testes
Adrenal cortex

A

Pituitary gland

54
Q

Match the hormone with its description: Epinephrine

-Converts glycogen to glucose
-Affects vascular smooth muscle and heart
-Neurotransmitter in the brain affecting the vascular system

A

Converts glycogen to glucose

55
Q

Match the hormone with its description: Norepinephrine

-Converts glycogen to glucose
-Affects vascular smooth muscle and heart
-Neurotransmitter in the brain affecting the vascular system

A

Affects vascular smooth muscle and heart

56
Q

Match the hormone with its description: Dopamine

-Converts glycogen to glucose
-Affects vascular smooth muscle and heart
-Neurotransmitter in the brain affecting the vascular system

A

Neurotransmitter in the brain affecting the vascular system

57
Q

A physician of reproductive endocrinology and infertility would like to determine when a patient ovulates. The physician orders serial assays of plasma progesterone. From these assays, how can the physician recognize when ovulation occurs?

-Right before ovulation, progesterone rapidly increases
-After ovulation, progesterone rapidly decreases
-After ovulation, progesterone rapidly increases
-There is a gradual, steady increase in progesterone throughout the menstrual cycle

A

After ovulation, progesterone rapidly increases

58
Q

An 83 year old male subject with low testosterone will see an increase in which anterior pituitary hormone?

LH
GH
Prolactin
ACTH

A

LH

59
Q

Plasma for cortisol determinations were collected at 7am, after waking the patient, and at 10pm that evening. The cortisol level for both morning and evening samples were well below the reference range for the specified times. This is consistent with:

A normal finding
Cushing syndrome
Addison’s disease
Hyperpituitarism

A

Addison’s disease

60
Q

Homovanillic acid is the metabolite of_______.

Dopamine
Norepinephrine
Epinephrine
Vanillylmandelic acid

A

Dopamine

61
Q

The major action of angiotensin II is:

-Increased adrenal secretion of aldosterone
-Increased pituitary secretion of vasopressin
-Decreased adrenal secretion of aldosterone
-Increased secretion of thyroid hormone

A

Increased adrenal secretion of aldosterone

62
Q

A person with symptoms that include: easy bruising, hypertension, increased cortisol, decreased ACTH, and weight gain in the face and abdomen, are likely to be diagnosed with:

Addison’s disease
Conn’s syndrome
Grave’s disease
Cushing’s syndrome

A

Cushing’s syndrome

63
Q

A 37 year old patient presents with low ACTH and low cortisol. What hormone replacement therapy is indicated?

Glucocorticoids
Mineralocorticoids
DHEA
All of the above

A

Glucocorticoids

64
Q

Rare catecholamine secreting benign tumor arising from chromaffin cells in the adrenal medulla, causes increased levels of epinephrine and norepinephrine.

Medulloma
Adenoma
Adrenocarcinoma
Pheochromocytoma

A

Pheochromocytoma

Chem 2 (6 decks)

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