Exam 1 Flashcards by J Reyes

A patient has the following thyroid profile: decreased total T4, decreased Free T4, positive thyroid peroxidase antibody, increased TSH. What is the most like scenario?

Idiopathic hyperthyroidism
Hashimotos’s thyroiditis
A normal thyroid
Grave’s disease

Hashimotos’s thyroiditis

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The primary serum test to screen for thyroid disease is:

TSH
FT4
Reverse T3
Total T4

TSH

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What is the major carrier protein of the thyroid hormones in the blood?

Albumin
Thyroxine binding pre-albumin
Thyroxine binding globulin
Thyroglobulin

Thyroxine binding globulin

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Match the test results with the likely diagnosis:
TSH increased, T4 decreased

Hypothyroidism
Hyperthyroidism
Subclinical hypothyroidism

Hypothyroidism

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Match the test results with the likely diagnosis:
TSH decreased, T4 normal

Hypothyroidism
Hyperthyroidism
Subclinical hypothyroidism

Subclinical hypothyroidism

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Match the test results with the likely diagnosis:
TSH decreased, T4 increased

Hypothyroidism
Hyperthyroidism
Subclinical hypothyroidism

Hyperthyroidism

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Match the test results with the likely diagnosis:
TSH increased, T4 normal

Hypothyroidism
Hyperthyroidism
Subclinical hypothyroidism

Subclinical hypothyroidism

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Once synthesized, the thyroid hormones are stored in what area of the thyroid gland?

Epithelial cell wall of the follicle
Lumina of the follicle
Isthus of the thyroid gland
Extracellular space of the thyroid gland

Lumina of the follicle

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How is the majority of reverse T3 (rT3) made?

-Monodeiondination of T4 in peripheral tissues
-Monodeiondination of T3 in peripheral tissues
-From T3 in the thyroid gland
-From thyroglobulin in the thyroid gland

Monodeiondination of T4 in peripheral tissues

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The parafollicular cells of the thyroid gland secrete calcitonin.

True
False

True

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T3 and T4 are more physiologically active than FT3 and FT4.

True
False

False

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The most common cause of hyperthyroidism is:

Hashimoto’s thyroiditis
Grave’s disease
Pituitary tumor
Radiation therapy

Grave’s disease

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An effective way to see if the thyroid gland is metabolically active is with a nuclear medicine evaluation.

True
False

True

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The most common critical problem encountered with pre-term delivery is Respiratory Distress Syndrome

True
False

True

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Acetylcholinesterase is not diagnostic for:

Anencephaly
Trisomy 21
Open spina bifida
Abdominal wall defects

Trisomy 21

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Which test is a valuable first trimester screening test?

-Pregnancy associated plasma protein A
-Fetal fibronectin
-Maternal alpha fetoprotein
-Multiples of median

Pregnancy associated plasma protein A

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What is produced by the embryonic yolk sac and also the fetal liver?

Inhibin A
Acetylcholinesterase
Unconjugated estriol
Alpha fetoprotein

Alpha fetoprotein

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HCG is structurally similar to which hormone?

TSH
FT4
Cortisol
ACTH

TSH

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Which of the following increases during pregnancy:

Protein catabolism
Plasma volume
Calcium
Iron

Plasma volume

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A cluster of cells once implantation occurs is called a:

Zygote
Embryo
Blastocyte
Fetus

Embryo

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During pregnancy, in the second trimester, hCG levels ______.

Increase
Return to pre-pregnancy levels
Decrease

Decrease

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A laboratory measures maternal serum AFP (MS-AFP) at 16-18 weeks gestation as a screen for fetal disorders. The 16 week MS-AFP median is 32 mg/L and a 37 year old woman has a MS-AFP level of 34 mg/L. This result is consistent with:

-A normal MS-AFP level for 16 week gestation
-Possible neural tube defects, including spina bifida
-Possible multiple birth
-Possible trisomy disorder, including Down Syndrome

A normal MS-AFP level for 16 week gestation

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Which of the following is not quantified in the triple test for Down Syndrome?

Alpha-1 fetoprotein
Unconjugated estriol
Progesterone
hCG

Progesterone

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A pregnant patient presents to her OB/GYN in the first trimester of pregnancy with abnormal ultrasound readings, normal hCG, and AFP values of 8 MoM (normal is <2 MoM). Based on this evidence, what is most likely manifesting in the fetus?

-Neural tube defects
-Trisomy abnormalities like Down Syndrome
-This is a normal pregnancy
-None of the above

Neural tube defects

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The major growth factor induced by Growth Hormone is IGF-2 True False

False

What common substrate is used in the biosynthesis of adrenal steroids, including androgens and estrogens? Cortisol Catecholamines Progesterone Cholesterol

Cholesterol

What hormone acts as an inhibiting hormone to Growth Hormone? Dopamine IGF-1 Somatostatin Inhibin

Somatostatin

Which of the following hormones can stimulate the production and release of TSH? Dopamine ACTH GH None of the above

None of the above

Match the hormone with its tissue of origin: ACTH Anterior pituitary Adrenal cortex Posterior pituitary Adrenal medulla Hypothalamus Thyroid gland

Anterior pituitary

Match the hormone with its tissue of origin: Aldosterone Anterior pituitary Adrenal cortex Posterior pituitary Adrenal medulla Hypothalamus Thyroid gland

Adrenal cortex

Match the hormone with its tissue of origin: Epinephrine Anterior pituitary Adrenal cortex Posterior pituitary Adrenal medulla Hypothalamus Thyroid gland

Adrenal medulla

Match the hormone with its tissue of origin: FSH Anterior pituitary Adrenal cortex Posterior pituitary Adrenal medulla Hypothalamus Thyroid gland

Anterior pituitary

Match the hormone with its tissue of origin: Cortisol Anterior pituitary Adrenal cortex Posterior pituitary Adrenal medulla Hypothalamus Thyroid gland

Adrenal cortex

Match the hormone with its tissue of origin: Arginine vasopressin Anterior pituitary Adrenal cortex Posterior pituitary Adrenal medulla Hypothalamus Thyroid gland

Posterior pituitary

Match the hormone with its tissue of origin: Growth hormone Anterior pituitary Adrenal cortex Posterior pituitary Adrenal medulla Hypothalamus Thyroid gland

Anterior pituitary

Match the hormone with its tissue of origin: GnRH Anterior pituitary Adrenal cortex Posterior pituitary Adrenal medulla Hypothalamus Thyroid gland

Hypothalamus

Match the hormone with its tissue of origin: Dopamine Anterior pituitary Adrenal cortex Posterior pituitary Adrenal medulla Hypothalamus Thyroid gland

Adrenal medulla

Match the hormone with its tissue of origin: T3 Anterior pituitary Adrenal cortex Posterior pituitary Adrenal medulla Hypothalamus Thyroid gland

Thyroid gland

Which of the following hormones inhibits GH and TSH? Dopamine Somatostatin Growth hormone releasing hormone Corticotropic releasing hormone

Somatostatin

Match the hormone with the tissue it acts on: TRH Pituitary Thyroid Adrenal gland Gonads

Pituitary

Match the hormone with the tissue it acts on: TSH Pituitary Thyroid Adrenal gland Gonads

Thyroid

Match the hormone with the tissue it acts on: ACTH Pituitary Thyroid Adrenal gland Gonads

Adrenal gland

Match the hormone with the tissue it acts on: LH Pituitary Thyroid Adrenal gland Gonads

Gonads

What is the only neuroendocrine signal that inhibits prolactin? Dopamine Growth hormone IGF-1 Epinephrine

Dopamine

________failure of an endocrine gland is accompanied by dramatic increases in circulating levels of the corresponding pituitary tropic hormone. Primary Secondary Tertiary

Primary

Which is not a cause of hypopituitarism? Trauma Infection Idiopathic Surgery All are causes of hypopituitarism

All are causes of hypopituitarism

The major action of ________ is to regulate free water excretion. Oxytocin Dopamine Arginine vasopressin Prolactin

Arginine vasopressin

Match the portion of the adrenal cortex with its major hormone: Zona glomerulosa Aldosterone Androgens Cortisol

Aldosterone

Match the portion of the adrenal cortex with its major hormone: Zona reticularis Aldosterone Androgens Cortisol

Androgens

Match the portion of the adrenal cortex with its major hormone: Zona fasciculata Aldosterone Androgens Cortisol

Cortisol

A person who has features that includes: narrow shoulders, poor muscle development, longer legs, and an extra X chromosome would be diagnosed with: Turner Syndrome Klinefelter Syndrome Hirsutism Hashimoto's

Klinefelter Syndrome

_________ has a surge during the luteal phase of a menstrual cycle. FSH Progesterone LH Testosterone

Progesterone

Which of the following tissues doesn't secrete steroid hormones? Ovaries Pituitary gland Testes Adrenal cortex

Pituitary gland

Match the hormone with its description: Epinephrine -Converts glycogen to glucose -Affects vascular smooth muscle and heart -Neurotransmitter in the brain affecting the vascular system

Converts glycogen to glucose

Match the hormone with its description: Norepinephrine -Converts glycogen to glucose -Affects vascular smooth muscle and heart -Neurotransmitter in the brain affecting the vascular system

Affects vascular smooth muscle and heart

Match the hormone with its description: Dopamine -Converts glycogen to glucose -Affects vascular smooth muscle and heart -Neurotransmitter in the brain affecting the vascular system

Neurotransmitter in the brain affecting the vascular system

A physician of reproductive endocrinology and infertility would like to determine when a patient ovulates. The physician orders serial assays of plasma progesterone. From these assays, how can the physician recognize when ovulation occurs? -Right before ovulation, progesterone rapidly increases -After ovulation, progesterone rapidly decreases -After ovulation, progesterone rapidly increases -There is a gradual, steady increase in progesterone throughout the menstrual cycle

After ovulation, progesterone rapidly increases

An 83 year old male subject with low testosterone will see an increase in which anterior pituitary hormone? LH GH Prolactin ACTH

Plasma for cortisol determinations were collected at 7am, after waking the patient, and at 10pm that evening. The cortisol level for both morning and evening samples were well below the reference range for the specified times. This is consistent with: A normal finding Cushing syndrome Addison's disease Hyperpituitarism

Addison's disease

Homovanillic acid is the metabolite of_______. Dopamine Norepinephrine Epinephrine Vanillylmandelic acid

Dopamine

The major action of angiotensin II is: -Increased adrenal secretion of aldosterone -Increased pituitary secretion of vasopressin -Decreased adrenal secretion of aldosterone -Increased secretion of thyroid hormone

Increased adrenal secretion of aldosterone

A person with symptoms that include: easy bruising, hypertension, increased cortisol, decreased ACTH, and weight gain in the face and abdomen, are likely to be diagnosed with: Addison's disease Conn's syndrome Grave's disease Cushing's syndrome

Cushing's syndrome

A 37 year old patient presents with low ACTH and low cortisol. What hormone replacement therapy is indicated? Glucocorticoids Mineralocorticoids DHEA All of the above

Glucocorticoids

Rare catecholamine secreting benign tumor arising from chromaffin cells in the adrenal medulla, causes increased levels of epinephrine and norepinephrine. Medulloma Adenoma Adrenocarcinoma Pheochromocytoma

Pheochromocytoma