Wk 4. Interventional radiography Flashcards
what is atrial septal defect?
where the septal wall between the left and right atria fail to form properly.
what is ventricular septal defect?
where the septal wall between the left and right ventricle fail to form properly.
what happens as a result of ASD and VSD?
oxygen rich blood gets shunted into poor oxygenated blood.
What can happen as a result of ASD and VSD?
- breathlessness
- poor oxygenated blood can flow into the chambers of oxygen rich blood
- The flow of blood also changes the pressures within the heart chambers
what are 6 symtoms of ASD/VSD?
- SOB on excretion
- General fatigue
- Poor circulation: swollen legs, feet
- Heart palpitations
- Lung infections
- Heart murmur or “whooshing” sound
what is the blood flow in a normal heart (7 steps)
- Deoxygenated blood to R atrium
- Tricuspid valve to R ventricle
- Pulmonary valve to lungs
- ‘oxygenation’
- pulmonary veins to L atrium
- mitral valve to L ventricle
- Aortic valve to peripheral system
what is the blood flow in a ASD heart (6 steps)
- Deoxygenated blood to R atrium
- Tricuspid valve to R ventricle
- Pulmonary valve to lungs
- ‘oxygenation’
- pulmonary veins to L atrium
- mitral valve to L ventricle
Defect to R atrium
Aortic valve to
peripheral system
How is ASD and VSD diagnosed?
- Echocardiography
- ECG
- MRI/CT
what is arthrography
the placement of contrast into a joint space
what are 4 indication for arthrography
- Joint space compromise / trauma
- Capsular tear around the joint
- Prolonged joint pain
- Therapeutic
what is graft
is the name given to a vessel that is used as a “Bypass” of another vessel that is no longer functioning
where are grafts most common
heart, legs, aorta and forearm
when are grafts used (4)
- to open up stenosis in any organ or vessel
- to bypass or open up a complete occlusion
- to create a lumen for aneurysmal organs or vessels
- to bypass a defective organ
what are peg tubes used for
feeding when the upper GI tract is affected by a pathology
where are peg tubes inserted
into the patients stomach via the outlying abdominal wall
what are 5 indications for having a peg tube
- NG tube is not possible
- Anorexic patients
- Near death: force feeding
- Volvulus of the stomach
- Post-surgical drainage
what are 5 contraindications of a peg tube
- Peritonitis
- Ascites
- Bowel obstruction
- Large gastric varices
- Gastric wall neoplasm
where are pneumothorax and haemothorax tubes inserted?
pneumothorax: in the upper area of the pneumothorax
haemothorax: the tube is place as low as practicable in the thoracic cavity
where are pneumothorax and haemothorax tubes placed, including how?
- Between intercostal space
- Within the thoracic cavity
- Under I.I. or US or in emergency
- Tube is stitched in place on the skin surface
what is the function of a chest drain
acts as an underwater one way valve, preventing ait from returning to the thoracic cavity
