Week 14- angio 2 Flashcards

1
Q

what is the purpose of a central line?

A

used to deliver medicines directly to the heart or venous system. Central lines can be used to take venous blood samples

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2
Q

what is the insertion point of a central line?

A

can be inserted into the Jugular, subclavian, or basilar veins (PICC line)

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3
Q

where should the tip of the central line sit?

A

should sit just above the shadow of the R atrium

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4
Q

what is the purpose of a swan ganz line?

A

measure the pressure in the pulmonary artery

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5
Q

what pressure is measured with a swan ganz line

A

Right Atrium

Right Ventricle

Pulmonary artery

Filling pressure in the 
Left Atrium (wedge pressure –echo of L atrium filling)
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6
Q

what is thermal dilution with a swan ganz line?

A

10C of 10ml saline injected into the R atrium (warmer or colder than blood)

This flows to the temperature device at the end of the Swan Ganz line

The thermal dilution line = cardiac output

Cardiac Output α rate of change of T/Change in time

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7
Q

what is the purpose of an NG tube

A

Nutrition and drugs directly into the GI tract.

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8
Q

what is the pathway of an NG tube

A

nasal Cavity Nasopharynx/ Oropharynx/ Laryngopharynx/ Oesophagus/stomach

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9
Q

what are possible complications of using an NG tube

A

pathway goes astray

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10
Q

what is the extra risk of using the subclavian vein for a central line?

A

it goes close to the lungs: pneumothorax is possible

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11
Q

what is a porta cath

A

a venous access catheter for patients who need frequent or continuous chemotherapy

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12
Q

what is the entry point for a porta cath

A

subclavian A

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13
Q

where should the tip of a porta cath sit

A

must sit exterior and superior to the R Atrium

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14
Q

what does a pacemaker do

A

Atrium or ventricles or both Pacemaker wires (with an external or internal power source) take over the function of the non-functioning heart chamber

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15
Q

where are pacemaker lines inserted and where do they end up

A

inserted into the venous system, then into the right Atrium and or Right Ventricle

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16
Q

what is the path of pacemaker insertion

A
  1. L subclavian
  2. L brachiocephalic
  3. SVC
  4. RA
17
Q

what is an epicardial pacemaker?

A

Pacemaker wires not inserted into the chambers. The pacemaker wires are placed on the muscle outside the heart

18
Q

what is vascular tissue sensitivity

A

Arterial, atrium and ventricular tissue can “react” to catheters and wires being placed inside

19
Q

what happens when there is vascular tissue sensitivity

A
  1. Vascular spasm. Can result in:
    - Infarct
    - Ischemia
    - TIA
    - Occlusion
  2. Heart muscle reaction to a wire results in an “ectopic” beat, either in the atrium or ventricle, depending on the location of the wire
20
Q

what common drugs are used during angiography

A

lignocaine

fentanyl

midazolam

glyceryl trinitrate

heparin

warfarin