Wk 4 GI assessment W/ Prostate & Urinary Exam Flashcards
Order of assessment in GI
Inspection
Ausculation
Percussion
Palpation
dysphagia
Difficulty swallowing
Melena
Black sticky stools with digested blood
Name of chart that codified poop from 1 (Hardest) - 7 (Entire Liquid)
Bristol Stool Chart
The abbreviation _____, and that means “as the thing is needed
pro re nata
PRN
the point over the right side of the abdomen that is one-third of the distance from the anterior superior iliac spine to the umbilicus (navel).
Appendicitis
Mcburney’s
Measure abdominal girth where?
Superior Iliad crests
Percuss (indirect) all quadrants for tones
Suprapubic area percussion tone Dull would indicate this problem
Urinary bladder distended
A dull note in the abdomen implies….
An underlying mass is solid or filled with fluid.
Shifting dullness and fluid thrill (wave) are clinical signs that confirm
Ascites
Ascites is a medical condition characterized by….
an abnormal accumulation of fluid in the abdominal cavity, specifically within the peritoneal space.
Ascites
Disease associated with
Chrosis of liver, heart failure, kidney disease, some cancers
A fluid wave test is a physical examination technique used by healthcare professionals to detect the presence of ____
Ascites
Percuss the abdomen laterally listening for tympanic/ dull sounds. Note when dull.
Have paitent roll towards you, and if a spot that was previously dull is now tympanic this is called_____
Used to check for ascites
shifting dullness
The health provider will hav3 the paitent place one hand on the midline of the abdomen and tap one flank while they feel for______ on the other
This test is call3d
It it checking for
Fluid wave (thrill)
Ascities
Ballottement:
Purpose
Technique
Assess abdomen for floating mass
Bimanual palpations Anterior and Posterior
_____ is a medical indicator that helps doctors diagnose appendicitis. It’s found by pressing on a specific spot in the right lower abdomen, located about one-third of the way from the hip bone to the navel. If this spot is tender or painful when pressed, it suggests inflammation of the appendix,
McBurney’s sign
______ is the reflexive tensing of the abdominal muscles in response to pain or discomfort, serving as a protective mechanism for the internal organs in the abdominal cavity.
Abdominal guarding
Rovsing’s sign is when
Signal that what my be happening inside the body
There is pain in the RLQ when the LLQ is pressed
Appendicitis
Inspiratory arrest is associated with this test for the Gallbladder
Murphy’s test
Rebound tenderness is associated with this test for appendicitis
Blumberg’s sign
Iliopsoas test
Describe procedure
Associated disease
The test involves extending the leg of a patient while they are lying down, and if this movement causes pain in the lower right abdomen, it can be an indicator of iliopsoas muscle irritation or an underlying issue in the abdominal or pelvic region.
Appendicitis
Obturator muscle test
Associated diseases
Patient lying down, with their hip and knee bent at a 90-degree angle, Examiner internally rotates the patient’s leg.
Appendicitis
All digestive functions slow or weaken with age
Reduction in parietal cells, which secrete intrinsic factor
What does intrinsic factors do
Absorb vitamin B¹²
An abdominal ultrasound, also known as a _____, is a medical imaging technique that uses high-frequency sound waves to create images
Sonogram
_____ is an Endoscope ( a tube with a camera at the end)
Diagnose and treat problems like gallstones, pancreatitis, bile duct blockages, and certain cancers. It can also be used to remove gallstones or place stents to keep the bile ducts open.
ERCP
Anal fistuals
A tunnel that forms between the anus and a hole created by infection to the outside of adjacent skin
Black or dark, non-tarry stools
Possible problem
Medication
Guaiac test
Used for Occult stool
pilonidal cyst
Sac-like structure that forms near the top of the buttocks, often at the cleft between the buttocks.
It typically contains hair, skin debris, and can become infected
Pruritus ani
itching or irritation of the skin around the anus.
Frequent urination, especially at night (nocturia).
Difficulty starting and stopping urination.
Weak urine flow.
Incomplete emptying of the bladder.
Urinary urgency
Describes this non-harmful condition
Benign prostatic hyperplasia
Enlarged prostate
Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP)
Is what
Used for
Endoscope with xray
diagnose and treat problems in the liver, gallbladder, bile ducts, and pancreas.
Murphy’s test is used to check for
cholecystitis, an inflammation of the gallbladder.
Patient takes a deep breath and exhales. While exhaling, the provider uses their fingers to palpate the area under the ribs on the right side.
The patient is instructed to inhale deeply during this process.
If the patient abruptly stops inhaling due to pain, it is considered a positive
Name of test
Name of Organ testing
Murphy’s test
Gallbladder
Dark Brown or Amber Urine:
Possible Causes:
Dehydration, liver problems, hemolysis (breakdown of red blood cells), or the use of certain medications
Cloudy or Turbid Urine:
Possible Causes:
Infection, such as a urinary tract infection, or the presence of crystals, mucus, or other substances in the urine.
Orange Urine:
Possible Causes:
Dehydration, certain medications, or medical conditions affecting the liver or bile ducts.
____ is a type of cancer that begins in the epithelial cells,
Carcinoma
Anthelmintic enemas are administered to…
Destroy parasites
Oil retention enemas are used to…
Lubricate the stool and intestinal mucosa, making dedication easier
Carminative enemas help …
To expel flatus
Nutritive enemas are administered to
Replenish fluids and nutrition
The goal of cleansing enema is to _____, which should increase bowel sounds
Increase peristalsis
benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH), can cause….
frequent urination
difficulty starting and stopping
weak urine flow
feeling of incomplete emptyin
Which main organ is found in the epigastric region
Stomach
Which main organ is found in the umbilical region
Intestine
Which main organ is found in the hypogadtric region
Bladder
A pale Ostomy is associated with which disease
Anemia
Why no food after surgery
Anestesia can cause lack of bowle movement which is needed for digestion
Percussion sound. Upper right = Dull is this a normal finding
Yes, this is the liver
It’s percussion sound is dull
Percussion sound: Suprapubic sounds dull. Is this a normal finding
No, it means bladder is distended
Which organ do we have to becareful not to percuss
Spleen
Rebound tenderness is associated with this “sign”
Mcburney’s sign
Rovsing’s sign is associated with….
Tenderness in the RLQ when the LLQ is palpates
Apendicitis
The “Sign” associated with a sudden stop in inspiration when checking for Cholecystitis
Murphy’s sign
Stress incontinence can be improved by….
Keegel exercises
What is the treatment for a rectal abcess
Cut it out then antibiotics
Order of assessment in GI / GU
Correct
Inspection
Ausculation
Percussion
Palpation
Ileus
Inability of the intestine (bowel) to contract normally and move waste out of the body.
An enlarged spleen from an infection may happen from this disease
Mono
With shifting Dullness when laying supine and being percussed on the Top sound will be emitted.
Side?
When turned on thier side and percussed from the top sound emitted
Side?
Tympanny/ Dullness
Tympanny/ Dullness
Dermoid cyst
A cyst that is created that contains: hair, teeth, neural tissue
As we age the liver gets (smaller / bigger) and we are prescribed (more / less ) medications
Smaller / less
Primary Prevention GI / GU
Secondary Prevention
1st High Fiber Diet
2nd Occult blood test, Colonoscopy
Common posistion to do a rectal exam
Left lateral
Report of poop on the underwear but it didn’t come from anus is this condition
Anal fistula.
Supine, flexes right leg at hip and knee.
Place 1 hand above knee, other at ankle
Rotate leg internally and externally
Pain results from irritation of _____ muscle
Name of test & what it is looking for
CORRECT
Obturator test
Appendicitis
Client supine
Examiner applies pressure to lower thigh while client attempts to flex hip.
Pain results from irritation of ____ muscle
Associated with peritoneal irritation
Which disease is it associated with
Iliopsoas muscle test
Appendicitis
Do you percuss the abdomen?
Yes, indirectly
Which technique is used to find Liver Span
Percuss, indirectly
Which landmarks do you percuss from in the Liver Span test
Umbilicus Tympanny upward to Dullness
Lungs Resonance downward to Dullness
Percuss Kidneys at _____ for tenderness
costovertebral angle
If fluid is suspected in abdomen “ascites” do these 2 test
Shifting dullness
Fluid wave
Positive shifting dullness test Ascites present
Area of (Dullness / Tympany) will shift to dependent side.
Area of (Dullness / Tympany) will shift toward the top.
Dullness to dependent
Tympany to top
This technique is used to find a Fetus, floating mass, patellar effusion (abnormal collection of fluid in the body )
Ballottement test
apply downward pressure towards the foot with one hand, while pushing the patella backwards against the femur with one finger of the opposite hand.
_____ sign to test for an appendicitis uses Rebound pain as an indicator
Correct
Mcburney’s sign
Guarding is when ab muscles tense up during palpation
Indication of Peritonitis
What is Peritonitis
Inflammation of Peritoneum
Rebound tenderness is aka
Correct
Blumberg’s sign
Inspiratory arrest associated with cholecystitis is associated with this process/sign
Murphy’s
Borborygmus is…
Hyperactive bowel sounds
ERCP is…
procedure to diagnose and treat problems in the liver, gallbladder, bile ducts, and pancreas.
Acute cystitis may indicate progressive Prostate obstruction
What is cystitis
Bladder inflammation
