Wk 4 GI assessment W/ Prostate & Urinary Exam Flashcards by Jade Ring

Order of assessment in GI

Inspection
Ausculation
Percussion
Palpation

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dysphagia

Difficulty swallowing

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Melena

Black sticky stools with digested blood

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Name of chart that codified poop from 1 (Hardest) - 7 (Entire Liquid)

Bristol Stool Chart

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The abbreviation _____, and that means “as the thing is needed

pro re nata

PRN

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the point over the right side of the abdomen that is one-third of the distance from the anterior superior iliac spine to the umbilicus (navel).

Appendicitis

Mcburney’s

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Measure abdominal girth where?

Superior Iliad crests

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Percuss (indirect) all quadrants for tones

Suprapubic area percussion tone Dull would indicate this problem

Urinary bladder distended

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A dull note in the abdomen implies….

An underlying mass is solid or filled with fluid.

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Shifting dullness and fluid thrill (wave) are clinical signs that confirm

Ascites

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Ascites is a medical condition characterized by….

an abnormal accumulation of fluid in the abdominal cavity, specifically within the peritoneal space.

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Ascites

Disease associated with

Chrosis of liver, heart failure, kidney disease, some cancers

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A fluid wave test is a physical examination technique used by healthcare professionals to detect the presence of ____

Ascites

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Percuss the abdomen laterally listening for tympanic/ dull sounds. Note when dull.

Have paitent roll towards you, and if a spot that was previously dull is now tympanic this is called_____

Used to check for ascites

shifting dullness

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The health provider will hav3 the paitent place one hand on the midline of the abdomen and tap one flank while they feel for______ on the other

This test is call3d

It it checking for

Fluid wave (thrill)

Ascities

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Ballottement:

Purpose

Technique

Assess abdomen for floating mass

Bimanual palpations Anterior and Posterior

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_____ is a medical indicator that helps doctors diagnose appendicitis. It’s found by pressing on a specific spot in the right lower abdomen, located about one-third of the way from the hip bone to the navel. If this spot is tender or painful when pressed, it suggests inflammation of the appendix,

McBurney’s sign

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______ is the reflexive tensing of the abdominal muscles in response to pain or discomfort, serving as a protective mechanism for the internal organs in the abdominal cavity.

Abdominal guarding

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Rovsing’s sign is when

Signal that what my be happening inside the body

There is pain in the RLQ when the LLQ is pressed

Appendicitis

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Inspiratory arrest is associated with this test for the Gallbladder

Murphy’s test

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Rebound tenderness is associated with this test for appendicitis

Blumberg’s sign

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Iliopsoas test

Describe procedure

Associated disease

The test involves extending the leg of a patient while they are lying down, and if this movement causes pain in the lower right abdomen, it can be an indicator of iliopsoas muscle irritation or an underlying issue in the abdominal or pelvic region.

Appendicitis

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Obturator muscle test

Associated diseases

Patient lying down, with their hip and knee bent at a 90-degree angle, Examiner internally rotates the patient’s leg.

Appendicitis

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All digestive functions slow or weaken with age

Reduction in parietal cells, which secrete intrinsic factor

What does intrinsic factors do

Absorb vitamin B¹²

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An abdominal ultrasound, also known as a _____, is a medical imaging technique that uses high-frequency sound waves to create images

Sonogram

_____ is an Endoscope ( a tube with a camera at the end) Diagnose and treat problems like gallstones, pancreatitis, bile duct blockages, and certain cancers. It can also be used to remove gallstones or place stents to keep the bile ducts open.

ERCP

Anal fistuals

A tunnel that forms between the anus and a hole created by infection to the outside of adjacent skin

Black or dark, non-tarry stools Possible problem

Medication

Guaiac test

Used for Occult stool

pilonidal cyst

Sac-like structure that forms near the top of the buttocks, often at the cleft between the buttocks. It typically contains hair, skin debris, and can become infected

Pruritus ani

itching or irritation of the skin around the anus.

Frequent urination, especially at night (nocturia). Difficulty starting and stopping urination. Weak urine flow. Incomplete emptying of the bladder. Urinary urgency Describes this non-harmful condition

Benign prostatic hyperplasia Enlarged prostate

Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) Is what Used for

Endoscope with xray diagnose and treat problems in the liver, gallbladder, bile ducts, and pancreas.

Murphy's test is used to check for

cholecystitis, an inflammation of the gallbladder.

Patient takes a deep breath and exhales. While exhaling, the provider uses their fingers to palpate the area under the ribs on the right side. The patient is instructed to inhale deeply during this process. If the patient abruptly stops inhaling due to pain, it is considered a positive Name of test Name of Organ testing

Murphy's test Gallbladder

Dark Brown or Amber Urine: Possible Causes:

Dehydration, liver problems, hemolysis (breakdown of red blood cells), or the use of certain medications

Cloudy or Turbid Urine: Possible Causes:

Infection, such as a urinary tract infection, or the presence of crystals, mucus, or other substances in the urine.

Orange Urine: Possible Causes:

Dehydration, certain medications, or medical conditions affecting the liver or bile ducts.

____ is a type of cancer that begins in the epithelial cells,

Carcinoma

Anthelmintic enemas are administered to...

Destroy parasites

Oil retention enemas are used to...

Lubricate the stool and intestinal mucosa, making dedication easier

Carminative enemas help ...

To expel flatus

Nutritive enemas are administered to

Replenish fluids and nutrition

The goal of cleansing enema is to _____, which should increase bowel sounds

Increase peristalsis

benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH), can cause....

frequent urination difficulty starting and stopping weak urine flow feeling of incomplete emptyin

Which main organ is found in the epigastric region

Stomach

Which main organ is found in the umbilical region

Intestine

Which main organ is found in the hypogadtric region

Bladder

A pale Ostomy is associated with which disease

Anemia

Why no food after surgery

Anestesia can cause lack of bowle movement which is needed for digestion

Percussion sound. Upper right = Dull is this a normal finding

Yes, this is the liver It's percussion sound is dull

Percussion sound: Suprapubic sounds dull. Is this a normal finding

No, it means bladder is distended

Which organ do we have to becareful not to percuss

Spleen

Rebound tenderness is associated with this "sign"

Mcburney's sign

Rovsing's sign is associated with....

Tenderness in the RLQ when the LLQ is palpates Apendicitis

The "Sign" associated with a sudden stop in inspiration when checking for Cholecystitis

Murphy's sign

Stress incontinence can be improved by....

Keegel exercises

What is the treatment for a rectal abcess

Cut it out then antibiotics

Order of assessment in GI / GU Correct

Inspection Ausculation Percussion Palpation

Ileus

Inability of the intestine (bowel) to contract normally and move waste out of the body.

An enlarged spleen from an infection may happen from this disease

Mono

With shifting Dullness when laying supine and being percussed on the Top sound will be emitted. Side? When turned on thier side and percussed from the top sound emitted Side?

Tympanny/ Dullness Tympanny/ Dullness

Dermoid cyst

A cyst that is created that contains: hair, teeth, neural tissue

As we age the liver gets (smaller / bigger) and we are prescribed (more / less ) medications

Smaller / less

Primary Prevention GI / GU Secondary Prevention

1st High Fiber Diet 2nd Occult blood test, Colonoscopy

Common posistion to do a rectal exam

Left lateral

Report of poop on the underwear but it didn't come from anus is this condition

Anal fistula.

Supine, flexes right leg at hip and knee. Place 1 hand above knee, other at ankle Rotate leg internally and externally Pain results from irritation of _____ muscle Name of test & what it is looking for CORRECT

Obturator test Appendicitis

Client supine Examiner applies pressure to lower thigh while client attempts to flex hip. Pain results from irritation of ____ muscle Associated with peritoneal irritation Which disease is it associated with

Iliopsoas muscle test Appendicitis

Do you percuss the abdomen?

Yes, indirectly

Which technique is used to find Liver Span

Percuss, indirectly

Which landmarks do you percuss from in the Liver Span test

Umbilicus Tympanny upward to Dullness Lungs Resonance downward to Dullness

Percuss Kidneys at _____ for tenderness

costovertebral angle

If fluid is suspected in abdomen "ascites" do these 2 test

Shifting dullness Fluid wave

Positive shifting dullness test Ascites present Area of (Dullness / Tympany) will shift to dependent side. Area of (Dullness / Tympany) will shift toward the top.

Dullness to dependent Tympany to top

This technique is used to find a Fetus, floating mass, patellar effusion ( abnormal collection of fluid in the body )

Ballottement test apply downward pressure towards the foot with one hand, while pushing the patella backwards against the femur with one finger of the opposite hand.

_____ sign to test for an appendicitis uses Rebound pain as an indicator Correct

Mcburney's sign

Guarding is when ab muscles tense up during palpation Indication of Peritonitis What is Peritonitis

Inflammation of Peritoneum

Rebound tenderness is aka Correct

Blumberg's sign

Inspiratory arrest associated with cholecystitis is associated with this process/sign

Murphy's

Borborygmus is...

Hyperactive bowel sounds

ERCP is...

procedure to diagnose and treat problems in the liver, gallbladder, bile ducts, and pancreas.

Acute cystitis may indicate progressive Prostate obstruction What is cystitis

Bladder inflammation