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NURS 1145 > Wk 3 Heart And Peripheral Vascular > Flashcards

Wk 3 Heart And Peripheral Vascular Flashcards

1
Q

Which part of the heart is the apex?
Base?

A

Apex = bottom
Base = Top

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2
Q

Heart wall layers from inner

A

Endocardium
Myocardium
Pericardium

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3
Q

Atrioventricular valves

Semilunar valves

A

Tricuspid/ mitral

Pulmonic / aortic

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4
Q

Question: What is the “S1” heart sound?

A

Answer: “first heart sound” or “lub,” marks the beginning of systole and is associated with the closure of the atrioventricular (AV) valves.

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5
Q

Which valves are responsible for the “S1” heart sound?

A

Closure of the AV valves, specifically the Mitral valve and the Tricuspid valve.

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6
Q

The 2nd heart sound

Which valves closure is responsible

Sound made

A

Pulmonic and aortic

Dubb

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7
Q

1st heart sound

What makes the noise

Where can we ausculate

A

Bicuspid (Mitral) & Tricuspid

Tricuspid = 4th intercostal space,Left side, sternal border

Mitral (bicuspid) = 5th intercostal space, left side, midcavicular

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8
Q

3rd heart sound

Describe sound

Cause

Who it maybe normal for

A

Lub du bub

Rapid filling of the ventricles

<40

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9
Q

4th heart sound

Describe

Cause / disease associated

A

Be lub duplicate

Stuff ventricle due to Hypertension

Ventricle cannot fill properly and thus has a reduced volume of blood to expel

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10
Q

With pericarditis, there is often an abnormal heart sound called _________. This sound is created when the inflamed pericardial layers rub against each other

A

pericardial friction rub

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11
Q

Murmur

A

An extra noise heard when examining the heart.

Maybe innocent or caused by heart disease

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12
Q

Stenosis is…

A

When a valve doesn’t open properly

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13
Q

Regurgitation is….

A

When a valve doesn’t close properly

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14
Q

How is the Jugglar veins “Pulse” felt as….

A

A wave

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15
Q

A stool softener may be given to a heart attack victim

True or False

A

True

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16
Q

With heart failure there maybe Cyanosis & Pallor

Which is Chronic and which is Acute

A

Cyanosis= Acute
Pallor = Chronic

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17
Q

Where is edema usually first seen

A

Legs

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18
Q

Qualify edema

1+ ….
2+ ….
3 + ……

A

1+ = 2mm
2+ = 4mm
3+ = 6mm

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19
Q

Nocturia is often seen with heart or lung problems

A

Heart

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20
Q

High BP, Smoking, High LDL, obesity, DM are all risk factors for…

A

Cardiac problems

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21
Q

Give examples of Primary & Secondary prevention for heart problems

A

Primary. Exercise, Healthy Diet, No smoking/ Drinking

Secondary: Screening for hypertension

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22
Q

Objective Data: Physical Exam

Palpate the carotid arteries…..

How?

A

One at a time

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23
Q

Objective Data: Physical Exam

When auscultating the Carotid artery with the Bell, what abnormal sound are you looking for.

Describe it / what is its cause

A

Bruit

Swishing sound.

Narrowing of artery

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24
Q

early systole, and is loudest near the apex of the heart. Describes this heart sound

A

S¹

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25
Q

Carotid Doppler to estimate if it is narrowed. If so…

A

Stent is placed inside the artery

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26
Q

Inspect Jugglar vein for……

Which is associated with Heart Failure

A

Distention

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27
Q

This lung sound is associated with Heart Failure

A

Fine crackles

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28
Q

AFib causes _____ solution is to give an anticoagulant

What can happen if not treated

A

Clots

Stroke

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29
Q

Any rare findings what is the first thing to do in an assessment

A

POLDCARTS

History of Present Illness

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30
Q

FAST is for which disease

A

Stroke

Face, arms, speech, time

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31
Q

Sever valve disease is….

A

A murmur

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32
Q

Which is the best posistion to hear S³ (Kentucky)

A

Left lateral

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33
Q

Give a reason valves may not close properly

A

Stiffening from Old Age

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34
Q

Arteriosclerosis

A

Loss of flexibility

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35
Q

Atherosclerosis is a type of arteriosclerosis

Describe Atherosclerosis

A

Plaque build up

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36
Q

Lymph nodes get smaller or larger with age

A

Smaller

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37
Q

Modeling

A

Spotty skin

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38
Q

Edema +1 pitting (2mm) is a ___% increase of fluid

A

30

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39
Q

What is the maximum level of edema that is so sever it doesn’t have pitting

A

Brawny Edema

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40
Q

A positive Allen’s test signifies what

A

The paitent has sufficient blood supply to upper extremities

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41
Q

When auscultating a AV shunt or fistula access for Bruit & Thrill.

These are normal/ healthy findings?

Yes or No

A

Yes

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42
Q

Arteriovenous fistula

A

An abnormal connection between an artery and a vein.
Arteriovenous (AV) fistulas usually occur in the legs.

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43
Q

An AV fistula is a connection that’s made between an artery and a vein for….

A

dialysis access

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44
Q

Bruit is this type of sound

A

Swishing

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45
Q

Thrill can be inspected how?

A

Palpate. Palmer surface of hand and feel vibrations

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46
Q

Is lack of popteal pulse normal

If you use a doppler to find this pulse, how do you chart this?

A

Yes

Positive with doppler

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47
Q

Pulsus bigeminus is…..

A

cardiovascular phenomenon characterized by groups of two heartbeats close together followed by a longer pause

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48
Q

Raynauds Syndrome is an autoimmune disease that reacts to____

Treat with steroids

A

Cold weather

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49
Q

1 cause of preventable death in hospitals….

A

Pulmonary embolism from DVT

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50
Q

Leathery skin, swelling lower legs, Nee varicose veins, statis ulcer…

Describe this disease

A

Chronic Venus Disease

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51
Q

To help Venus disease place legs in this posistion

A

Elevated

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52
Q

To help Arterial Disease put legs in this position

A

Dangling

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53
Q

An Unna boot is a compression dressing made by wrapping layers of gauze around your leg and foot.

The Unna boot is used for (Venus Status Ulcers or peripheral Artery Disease)
The compression of the dressing helps improve blood flow in your lower leg.

A

Venus Status Ulcers

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54
Q

Use a unaboot for (Venus or Artery)

A

Venus

55
Q

Venus ablation seals veins from the inside to improve blood flow from these two vein disease

A

from varicose veins or chronic venous insufficiency

56
Q

Perferial Artery Disease PAD lower extremity problem.

Poor wound healing, burning/ tingling, cramps, slow nail growth and Claudication

Describe teachings to help

A

Beware falls, injury to foot, wear shoes

57
Q

Rubor

A

Flushed Red

58
Q

Claudication, Pain with exercise, low pulses, Thin shiny hairless skin, Cool Temps, ulcers on pressure points in feet

Describes (Arterial or Venus)

A

Arterial

59
Q

Pain increases when legs dependent, lower extremities edema, Brown discoloration of skin, Ankel Ulcerations, Skin temp normal, Pulse present but difficult to palpate due to edema

(Arterial or Venus)

A

Venous

60
Q

Activation of the sympathetic nervous system (increases/ decreases) heart rate, (constricts / dilates) blood vessels, and (diminish / enhance) the force of heart contractions

A

Increase
Constricts
Enhances

61
Q

parasympathetic nervous system (slows/ speeds up) the heart rate, (dilates/ constricts) blood vessels, and (reduces/ increases) the force of heart contractions.

A

Slows
Dilates
Reduces

62
Q

Often referred to as “lub,” S1 is the sound of the closing of the ________ valves (tricuspid and mitral) at the beginning of ventricular (systole / diastole)

It marks the start of ventricular contraction and the ejection of blood into the _______ & _______circulation.

A

atrioventricular

Systole

pulmonary and systemic

63
Q

is an extra heart sound that occurs during early diastole, typically associated with rapid filling of the ventricles.

can be a sign of heart conditions like ______ & ________

A

S3

heart failure or volume overload

64
Q

extra heart sound that occurs in late diastole

It is sometimes called an “atrial gallop” and is associated with stiff or non-compliant ventricles.

Can be a sign of these diseases

A

S4

hypertensive heart disease or ventricular hypertrophy

65
Q

Edema swelling occurs when there is an excess of ______

A

interstitial fluid

66
Q

Often referred to as “dub,” S2 is the sound of the closing of the_____ valves (aortic and pulmonic) at the end of ventricular systole.

It marks the end of ventricular contraction and the closure of the valves to prevent blood from flowing back into the ventricles.

A

Semilunar

67
Q

Negative allen’s test is associated with (veins / arteries) and reduced blood flow.

A

Arteries

68
Q

Apex (Bottom) of the heart this is heard better

A

S¹

69
Q

Base (Top) of heart this is heard better

A

S²

70
Q

membranous partition between two body cavities or two parts of an organ, especially that between the lungs.

A

mediastinum

71
Q

membranous partition between two body cavities or two parts of an organ, especially that between the lungs.

A

mediastinum

72
Q

The cordiatendian attach to ______ helping to prevent leakage through the AV valves during systole.

A

Papillary muscles

73
Q

MI could make the chordate tendonia not open and close valves properly.

Which sound would this be heard as

A

Murmur

74
Q

S³ has this “state” sound

S⁴…

Correct

A

S³ Kentucky

S⁴ Tennessee

75
Q

A murmur is ….

Correct

A

When a valve doesn’t open or close properly

76
Q

Afterload =

A

Blood pressure

77
Q

Preload =

A

Amount of fluid

78
Q

Does dehydration make heart rate go (up / down)

A

Up

79
Q

Parasympathetic involves the stimulation of the ____ nerve which makes heart rate / Blood pressure (increase/ decrease)

A

Vagus

Decrease

80
Q

Valsalva maneuver stimulates _____ nerve and decreases heart rate / BP

Valsalva maneuver is similar to the force used when deficating

True or False

A

Vagus

True

81
Q

A paitent has pallor associated with anemia

Will heart rate be (elevated / decreased)

A

Elevated

In attempt to move more blood around

82
Q

With nocturia the Sympathetic Nervous System is decreased which releases

A

Water and sodium

83
Q

Fine crackles associated with Heart Failure is AKA

A

Rales

84
Q

Endocarditis: An infection of the heart’s inner lining, usually involving the heart valves

How does this infection usually occur

Causes this type of atypical heart sound

A

Central Line Catheter

Murmur

85
Q

____ sound occurs when the atria contract, forcing blood into non-compliant ventricle

A

S⁴

86
Q

Lymphatic nodes should be smaller than

A

1cm

87
Q

Which have valves (veins/ arteries)

A

Veins

88
Q

Pulse

0
1
2
3
4

Correct

A

0 absent
1 weak
2 normal
3 Bounding
4. Increased

89
Q

When do we do Allen’s test

A

When drawing arterial blood

90
Q

Difference between a fistula and a shunt.

A

Fistula uses graft material to attach an artery to a vein

Shunt connects them without the graft material

91
Q

Manual compression test is for…

  1. Compress vein
  2. Feel for wave

A. No wave felt

B. Wave felt

No wave

A

Vein function

A. No wave felt = Competent valve

B. Wave felt = incompetent valve

92
Q

Homan’s sign: Test for what

Supine, flex foot towards tibia, PAIN = (possible disease)

A

Valves in veins not functioning

Deep vein thrombosis

Tendinitis

Muscle injury

93
Q

Pulse amplitude

1+
2+
3+
4+

A

1+ = Weak Thready
2+ = Normal
3+ = Full
4 + = Bounding

94
Q

Problems with lymph nodes can cause this. Unilateral, near lymph nodes

A

Lymphedema

95
Q

Raynaud’s syndrome is an autoimmune disorder that is aggrevated by the cold.

What kind of symptom does it present

A

Decreased circulation in hands / fingers

96
Q

Swollen and red leg is associated with this disease

A

DVT

97
Q

Does DVT always have swelling and redness associated with it?

A

No, sometimes only a fever is present

98
Q

Symptoms: Arterial or Venous

Claudication

(Pain, commonly in the legs, caused by too little blood flow, usually during exercise)

A

Arterial

99
Q

Symptom: Arterial or Venous

Pain increases when legs are dependent (standing or sitting)

A

Venous

100
Q

Symptom: Arterial or Venous

Pain with exercise or at rest

A

Arterial

101
Q

Symptom: Arterial or Venous

Lower extremity edema

A

Venous

102
Q

Symptom: Arterial or Venous

Lower or absent pulse

A

Arterial

103
Q

Symptom: Arterial or Venous

Brown discoloration of skin

A

Venous

104
Q

Symptom: Arterial or Venous

Thin, shiny, hairless skin

A

Arterial

105
Q

Symptom: Arterial or Venous

Ankle ulcerations

A

Venous

106
Q

Symptom: Arterial or Venous

Cool skin temperature

A

Arterial

107
Q

Symptom: Arterial or Venous

Skin temperature normal

A

Venous

108
Q

Symptom: Arterial or Venous on pressure points of feet

A

Arterial

109
Q

Symptom: Arterial or Venous

Pulse present but difficult to palpate due to edema

A

Venous

110
Q

What do compression socks / unaboots do to venous return?

A

Increases it

111
Q

In arterial disease

Foot elevated = (Pallor/ Rubor)
Foot Dependent = (Pallor/ Rubor)

A

Foot elevated = Pallor
Foot Dependent = Rubor

112
Q

Lub de bub is the sound associated with this extra heart sound

A

S³ (Kentucky)

113
Q

Extra heart sound

Results from increased atrial pressure leading to increased flow rates.

CHF

MOST COMMON CAUSE OF THIS EXTRA HEART SOUND

A

S³

114
Q

Extra heart sound

Low frequency sound in presystolic portion of diastole

Belub dup

A

S⁴

115
Q

Starling law: The more the heart is filled during diastole the more forcefully it contracts

Is associated with (Afterload / Preload)

A

Preload

116
Q

Stimulates Adrenal Medulla to secrete Catecholamines to interact with adrenergic receptors in heart and blood vessels

(Sympathetic/ Parasympathetic)

A

Sympathetic

117
Q

______ represents ventricular filling, and ____ represents ventricular contraction/ejection

A

Diastole / systole

118
Q

Carotid artery pulse coincides with (S¹ or S²)

A

S¹

119
Q

Harsh, blowing, musical, rumbling describe the quality of which heart sound

A

Murmur

120
Q

Ejection murmur (due to blood flow through a narrowed vessel or irregular valve)

Regurgitation murmurs

happen when

A

Systolic murmur

121
Q

These murmurs happen when the heart muscle relaxes between beats

Due to narrowing (stenosis) of the mitral or Tricuspid valve

Or

Regurgitation of the aortic or pulmonary arteries

A

Diastolic

122
Q

Murmurs caused by valvular defects

Midsystolic ejection murmurs

A

Semilunar valves stenosis

Aortic & pulmonic

123
Q

Murmurs caused by valvular defects

Diastolic rumbles of av valves

A

Av valves stenosis

124
Q

Murmurs caused by valvular defects

Pansystolic regurgitation murmurs

A

Semilunar Valve regurgitation

125
Q

Murmurs caused by valvular defects

Early diastolic murmurs

A

Semilunar Valve regurgitation

Aortic & Pulmonic

126
Q

Diaphragmatic excursion less than 3-5 cm may indicate which diseases

A

Pneumonia

Pneumothorax

127
Q

Bronchial vesicular sound heard over

A

Tracheal, high pitched, loud

128
Q

Brochvesicular heard where

A

1 & 2nd ICS at sternal boarder

Post: to T4

Medium intensity

129
Q

Vesicular sounds are heard in most of the lung fields

True or False

A

True

130
Q

Which condition is associated with Marfans syndrome

A

Pectus excavatum

131
Q

Pleural Rub

Because these sounds occur whenever the patient’s chest wall moves, they appearon inspiration and expiration

Name diseases associated with it

A

pneumonia, pulmonary embolism, and pleurisy

132
Q

rhonchi aka wheezes are (Continuous/ Discontinuous)

A

Continous

133
Q

A (positive / negative) Allen’s test is when the blood returns in less than 6 seconds.

It is a good sign

A

Positive

134
Q

Stethoscope Use

Diaphragm (Wide Part) is used to listen to (Low / High) Pitched sounds (S1,S2,S3,S4)

Bell (small part) is used to listen to (Low / High) pitched sounds (S1,S2,S3,S4)

A

Diaphragm = High Pitched S1 & S2

Bell = Low S3, S4

NURS 1145 (11 decks)

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