Wk 32: HIV 2

Question 1

How is HIV diagnosed?

Answer 1

• Point of care testing
• Fourth gen assay

Question 2

What is point of care testing?

Answer 2

• HIV Ab test
• Finger prick/mouth swab
• Accurate >6wks exposure

Question 3

What is 4th gen assay?

Answer 3

• HIV Ab + P24 Ag test
• Blood sample

Question 4

What markers are used when diagnosing HIV?

Answer 4

• CD4 count: no. CD4+ T-cells in 1 mm3 blood
• Viral load: no. of HIV RNA copies in 1ml of blood (conc not amount)

Question 5

What are used as markers for the effectiveness of AVR treatment?

Answer 5

• Viral load + CD4 cell count
• Red viral load = inc peripheral CD4 cell count

Question 6

What occurs in acute infection?

Answer 6

• 1-6 wks
• Inc infectiousness: high viral load
• Non symptomatic: 50%
• Symptoms: flu like

Question 7

What occurs in clinical latency?

Answer 7

• Dec CD4 count: inc risk of infections
• May last >8 yrs or over 6-12 wks
• Stable viral load
• Symptoms: mild lymphadenopathy, malaise, myalgia

Question 8

When would you diagnose aids?

Answer 8

• Low CD4 count + > aids defining illness

Question 9

Which pathogens are usually found in people w/ HIV?

Answer 9

• PCP
• MAC
• Mycobacterial TB

Question 10

What are the symptoms of PCP?

Answer 10

Non-productive cough + exertional dyspnoea

Question 11

What is the treatment for PCP?

Answer 11

• Co-trimoxazole
• Prophylaxis in CD4 <200: co-trimoxazole PO

Question 12

What are the symptoms of MAC?

Answer 12

Fever, night sweats, WL, fatigue

Question 13

What are the treatments for MAC?

Answer 13

• Macrolides + ethambutol
• Prophylaxis: azithromycin 1250mg wkly

Question 14

How is mycobacterial TB treated?

Answer 14

• Pyrazinamide
• Rifampicin
• Etambutol
• Isoniazid

Question 15

What malignancies are associated w/ HIV?

Answer 15

• Primary cerebral lymphoma: cranial/spinal
• Kaposi sarcoma: skin, oral, lung, stomach
• Cervical cancer