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PHA333 > Wk 26 - Addiction > Flashcards

Wk 26 - Addiction Flashcards

1
Q

Define substance abuse

A

Maladaptive pattern of use of drug, alcohol or other chem agent indicated by continued use despite recurrent social, occupational + physical problem

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2
Q

Define dependence

A

Psychological, behavioural + cognitive phenomena where substance takes on higher priority

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3
Q

Define addiction

A

Chronic disease characterised by drug seeking + use that is difficult to control despite harmful consequences

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4
Q

Give examples of Class A drugs

A
  • Crack cocaine
  • Ecstasy
  • Heroin
  • LSD
  • Meth
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5
Q

Give examples of Class B drugs

A
  • Amphetamines
  • Barbiturates
  • Cannabis
  • Ket
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6
Q

Give examples of Class C drugs

A
  • Anabolic steroids
  • Diazepam
  • Khat
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7
Q

Which drugs activate the brain reward system?

A
  • Morphine
  • Heroin
  • Cocaine
  • Alcohol
  • Nicotine
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8
Q

Outline the association btw drugs + the brain reward system

A
  • Some drugs have rewarding properties
  • Act as reinforcer for self-stimulant of some neural circuits in brain
  • Reinforcement inc probability of occurrence of response
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9
Q

What technique is employed by abused substances to facilitate a reward?

A

Intracranial self-stimulation

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10
Q

Which sites produces ICSS responding?

A
  • Lateral hypothalamus
  • Medial forebrain bundle
  • Substantia nigra
  • Ventral tegmental area
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11
Q

What does SN + VTA stimulation increase the release of?

A

Dopamine

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12
Q

What does the dopaminergic system consist of?

A
  • Mesolimbic pathway: VTA to nucleus accumbens, amygdala, hippocampus + medial prefrontal cortex
  • Nigrostriatal pathway: substantia nigra w/ striatum
  • Mesocortical pathway: VTA to cingulate + frontal lobes
  • Tuberoinfundibular: arcuate nucleus of mediobasal hypothalamus to infundibular region
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13
Q

What is the Ventral tegmental area?

A
  • Respond to stimuli + cues that indicate presence of reward

- Release DA signals to nucleus accumbens

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14
Q

What is the nucleus accumbens?

A
  • Part of ventral striatum

- Sends projections to basal ganglia + ventral pallidum

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15
Q

What is the Ventral pallidum?

A
  • Located: basal ganglia

- Receives dopaminergic input from ventral tegmental area

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16
Q

What is the orbitofrontal cortex?

A

Involved: compulsive drug seeking + relapse

17
Q

What is physical dependence?

A
  • Neurons adapt to repeated drug exposure
  • Function normally w/ drug
  • Drug tolerance
  • Morphine, diamorphine, cocaine + alcohol
  • W/drawal reversed by re-admin of drug
18
Q

What can produce dependence without being a non-addictive drug?

A

Insulin

19
Q

What can produce withdrawal symptoms without being a non-addictive drug?

A
  • b3 adrenergic antagonist
  • Clonidine
  • Tricyclic antidepressants
20
Q

What is psychological dependence?

A
  • Strong compulsion/desire to experience effect of drug
  • Prod pleasures
  • Red psychic discomfort
  • Nicotine, cannabis + amphetamines
21
Q

Define withdrawal

A

Psychological + physiological reactions to abrupt cessation of drug that prod dependence

22
Q

Define rebound

A

Emergence or re-emergence of symptoms that were absent/controlled while taking medication, but appear when same med is discontinued or dose red

23
Q

Define relapse

A

Recurrence of OG condition from which patient suffered upon discontinuation of effective med treatment

24
Q

What is pharmacokinetic or metabolic tolerance?

A

Ability of liver to synthesize more drug metabolising enzymes than normal when exposed to drug

25
Q

What is pharmacodynamic or functional tolerance?

A

Change that red reactivity of site to action of drug through:

  • NT depletion
  • Saturation of receptor site
  • Receptor sensitivity alteration
26
Q

What is behavioural tolerance?

A

Organisms exposed to drug in 1 context, displays tolerance to drug in that context, but loses tolerance when exposed to drug in another context

PHA333 (35 decks)

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