Wk 2 - What is HS? Flashcards
What was the defining concept of the UNDPReport 1994? (x1)
Linking it to… (x4)
Introduced HS concept, Development - No peace, no dev, and lack of dev as threat to peace Poverty as a threat to dignity Emphasis on non-military threats
Freedom from want approach grew out of the (x1)
And defines HS as having which 4 characteristics?
UNDP report 1994
Universal concern
Interdependent – not nationally confined, state by itself cannot deal with
Prevention over intervention
People centred – not rebuilding everything in our image, but help with social context
What are the 7 forms of HS under the freedom from want approach?
Economic Food Health Environmental Personal Community Political
What four issues arose regarding the adoption of the freedom from want approach to HS?
Implicit contestation of sovereignty/need for oversight – Russia/Chine wouldn’t back it
Development agenda came from development agency – no support from others
Sheer breadth seen as impractical
Root causes – UNDP had big agenda, others wanting to focus on preventing deadly conflict.
What 5 issues are addressed under the freedom from fear approach to HS? (according to Canada)
Protection of civilians Peace support ops Conflict prevention Governance and accountability Public safety
What is the basic premises of the freedom from fear approach? (x3)
Assumes primacy of physical safety
As distinct from/prior to economic issues
Therefore, HS should focus on rights and protection of individuals
What 3 successful changes resulted from the freedom from fear approach to HS? (X3)
Ottowa Treaty (landmine convention) ICC R2P doctrine
What is the vital core, as per the CHS report 2003? (x1)
And the main issue?
Protecting freedoms/people from critical (severe) and pervasive (widespread) threats.
Broad - no actual def of what is vita, the essence of life, or crucially important
What did the CHS report 2003 identify as the major component of HS? (x1)
What 2 methods did it suggest?
The vital core
Protections strategies – by states, IOs, NGOs, private sector
Empowerment strategies – resilience building
World Summit Outcome Declaration 2005 included… (x3)
Peacebuilding Commission HR Council (replaces Commission) Recognition of R2P/intervention in genocide, cleansing, crimes against humanity and war crimes
What four issues remain unresolved regarding the definition of HS?
Broad set of issues?
Basic rights/freedoms and root causes of conflict?
Maximalist or minimalist?
Should def be precise, or does ambiguity allow wider contexts?
How does Owen 2008 suggest HS be approached? (X2)
What 3 main issues of definition does he identify?
Broad, universal, threshold approach needed.
Can’t ignore preventable threats like disease.
Lack of differentiation between HS and development
HR and HS can be interchangeable
Conceptual overstretch – over-securitisation
What is the issue of conceptual overstretch? (x1)
And Owen’s suggested solution? (x1)
That tendency to include everything in definition of HS in various UN instruments has had negative effect
Threshold - past which any issue in any region can be included
What was MacFarlane and Kong’s solution to Paris’ 2001 ‘incoherent’ over-broadening of the HS concept? (x2)
And issue of (x1)
Instead suggest humans accepted as referent, and threats be delineated/justified on analytical grounds
Narrow def – is freedom from organized violence/fear
Can still be private or public actors – do organized criminal gangs count?
In what two main ways is HS concept viewed/implemented?
Policy agenda – puts in in the realm of competing politics
Discourse – reconceptualising/reconstituting notions of security by reshaping actors identities. Informally, it created change in how UN operates
