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Wk 2 Antibiotics Flashcards

1
Q

Antimicrobial

A

any substance of natural, semi-synthetic or synthetic origin which
has ability to kill or inhibit growth of microbes with minimal / no damage to the
host

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2
Q

Antibiotic class

A

Those w/ similar chem structure and MOA

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3
Q

Baceriostatic

A

Antibiotic prevents growth of bacteria

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4
Q

Bactericidal

A

Antibiotic kills bacteria

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5
Q

Penicillinase/beta-lactamase

A

bacterial enzyme which inactivates the beta-
lactam ring of Penicillins and other beta-lactams

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6
Q

Beta-lactamase inhibitors

A

protect β-lactam antibiotics from inactivation by the β-
lactamase enzyme

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7
Q

Beta-lactam antibiotics

A

Penicillins, cephalosporins, Carbapenems, Monobactam

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7
Q

Beta-lactam antibiotics

A

Penicillins, cephalosporins, Carbapenems, Monobactam

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8
Q

What are the two types of antibiotic killing?

A
  1. Concentration-dependent
    * Aminoglycosides (Gentamicin, Tobramycin, Amikacin)
    * Metronidazole
    * Fluoroquinolones (Ciprofloxacin, Levofloxacin, Moxifloxacin)
    * Daptomycin
  2. Time-dependent
    * Β-lactams (Penicillins, Cephalosporins, Monobactam, Carbapenems)
    * Glycopeptides (Vancomycin)
    * Macrolides
    * Clindamycin
    * Linezolid
    * Tetracyclines
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9
Q

Antibiotic Side effects, expected

A

GI distress, loose stool rash

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10
Q

What antibiotic can cause renal failure?

A

Aminoglycosides

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11
Q

What antibiotic can cause BM depression?

A

Chloramphenicol

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12
Q

What antibiotic can cause hepatitis?

A

Rifampin

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13
Q

What type of infection can be caused by antibiotics?

A

Clostridium difficile

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14
Q

What type of infection can be caused by antibiotics?

A

Clostridium difficile

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15
Q

What antibiotics can induce a rash?

A

trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole

16
Q

What are 7 MOAs for antibiotics?

A
  1. Cell-wall synthesis inhibitors
  2. Folate synthesis inhibitory mechanism
  3. Protein synthesis inhibitors
  4. Cell membrane depolarization
  5. Electron transport impairment
  6. DNA replication inhibition by binding DNA Gyrase
  7. DNA-dependent RNA polymerase inhibition
17
Q

Antibacterial MOAs diagram

18
Q

MOA diagram

19
Q

What are the 2 natural penicillins?

A
  1. Penicillin G (IV)
  2. Penicillin V-K
20
Q

3 Antistaph PCNs (PCN-ase resistant PCNs)

A
  1. Nafcilin (IV)
  2. Oxacillin (IV)
  3. Dicloxacillin
21
Q

4 AminoPenicillins

A
  1. Ampicillin (IV or PO)
  2. Amoxicillin
  3. Amp/Sulbactam (IV)
  4. Amox/Clavulanate
22
Q

2 Extended Spectrum PCNs

A
  1. Piperacillin/Tazobactam (IV)
  2. Ticarcillin/Clavulanate
23
Q

MOA of beta-lactams

A

Bind penicillin-binding proteins (PBPs) to block transpeptidase cross-linking of peptidoglycan network of bacterial cell wall
-Penicillins, Cephalosporins, Carbapenems, and Monobactam

24
Q

Resistance of beta-lactams

A
  1. modification of PBPs
  2. beta-lactamase action to inactivate PCNs
25
Q

Lecture slide 11

H&D (23 decks)

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