Wk 2 Flashcards
8 Stages of Chronological Development
Prenatal Infancy – birth-2yo Early childhood – 2-5yo Middle childhood – 6-11yo Adolescence – 12-19yo Early adult – 20-39yo Middle adult – 40-69yo Late adult – 70+
Five Processes of Development
Biological Cognitive Emotional Social Moral
Normative change
That undergone by all/most
Qualitative change… (x2 + 2 eg)
New capacity, not a bit more of the same;
Often in stages that overcome earlier limitations – becoming a ‘new person’
Biol example – pubertal transformation from child to woman
Psych example – gaining self-awareness
Quantitative change… (+2 eg)
Increase in existing capacity
Biol example – growing taller from age 4-10
Psych example – increasing IQ from age 4-10
Progressive development is…
Possible, but not guaranteed/automatic
Complexity and coping power gains possible in old age
The def of normative social clock is…
and it is…
Examples include expectations regarding…
Implicit beliefs about cultural expectations of age-appropriate behaviour – content and plans to adhere/violate
Culture- and era-specific, not genuine human capacity, not individual differences - society expects development
Too old to enter high school, live with parents, first marriage/child, remain working
The three scientific goals of lifespan development research are…
Description
Explanation
Optimisation
Three patterns of developmental variables are…
Regularities - constancy or change
Differences - contrasts across geography, history, culture, socioeconomics
Plasticity - flexibility of patterns of stability or change
Four core assumptions of the lifespan approach are…
Psych development is lifelong process
Plasticity is a lifelong potential
Culture increasingly important development as age increases – after childhood, cultural opportunities dictate directions
Scientific, objective study unlocks new insights
Four qualities of psychological development are…
Permanent
Qualitative
Generalisable, normative
Progressively enhancing individual’s ability to cope with widening range of situations
Age norms are…
Average ages at which a stage of development is reached
Three pre-theoretical models of development are…
Environmental-mechanistic model
Organic-maturational model
Dialectical model
The environmental-mechanistic model of development is… (x3)
A pre-theoretical model that:
Emphasises the role of the external environment in guiding developmental change
Leads to theories that concentrate on dissecting mature behaviour into simpler parts
The organic-maturational model of development is… (x4)
A pre-theoretical model that:
Equates development to natural physical growth, Eg acorn/oak
Relies on genetic programs, biol and neurocognitive processes as major influence
Doesn’t expect earlier attributes to be related to later ones
