wk 12 Flashcards
What makes up an abscess?
immune system doesn’t clear bacterial infection so the wound becomes a collection of inflammatory cells, bacteria, and damaged tissue
What are cat bites more prone to causing?
cats carry pasteurella spp which causes abscesses
What injuries can be caused by bite wounds?
- thoracic wounds
- puncture of chest cavity
- pneumothorax
- collapsed lung
- abdominal wounds
- organ injury - peritonitis
Describe the surgical prep for an abscess or bite wound.
- clip large area (5-15 cm) around wound
- use sterile lube in wound to prevent contamination with hair when clipped
How are wounds & abscess treated? Why is hydrogen peroxide no longer recommended?
- open (Penrose drain), drained, and probed to remove foreign body or hair
- flushed
- antibiotics or analgesics
- hydrogen peroxide irritates tissues delaying healing time
Why are drains used?
to prevent build up - allows fluids to exit
What is the common locations for a dental abscess? How does it appear?
carnassial tooth; appears in draining tract under eye as large bump
Describe the surgical prep for a dental abscess.
- clip draining area around abscess (5-15 cm)
- antiseptic
How is a dental abscess treated?
- extraction
- pack open wound with sterile gauze
- antibiotics
5 common hernias
- umbilical
- scrotal
- inguinal
- perineal
- diaphragmatic
Describe the surgical prep for a hernia.
- clip area around hernia (5-15 cm)
- surgical scrub
How are hernias treated?
tissues returned back to proper location and sutured
What is an onychectomy? What is removed?
declawing; entire nail and 3rd phalanx
Describe the surgical prep for a onychectomy.
- soak feet in alcohol or cleaned
- don’t need to be clipped
- tourniquet above elbow or knee joint
What are three methods for performing an onychectomy? What is the advantage of a CO2 laser?
- resco nail trimmer and blade
- disarticulation
- laser: vaporizes cells to seal blood and nerve endings for less pain and bleeding
Give 2 ways to close the incisions of an onychectomy.
suture or skin glue
Describe the post-op instructions for an onychectomy. What kind of litter is used?
- hospitalize
- analgesics and antibiotics
- bandage feet tight for one day
- shredded paper in litter for 7 days (dust free type)
What is an aural hematoma? What causes an aural hematoma?
collection of blood between skin and ear cartilage involving the pinna; self trauma and head shaking, ear infections, ear mites, or accident
Describe the surgical prep for an aural hematoma surgery.
- clean inside of ear and pack with cotton
- clip entire ear
- surgical scrub on entire ear
How is an aural hematoma treated? Where is the incision made?
- incision on underside of pinna to drain fluid and remove clots
- flush incision
- suture
What are the post-op instructions for a aural hematoma?
- tape ear over head to prevent head shaking and self trauma
What is a lateral ear resection? Why is it performed?
removal of vertical portion of ear canal including any cartilage down to plane even with the horizontal canal - for chronic ear infections
Describe the surgical prep for a lateral ear resection.
- clean inside of ear and pack with cotton
- clip lateral ear canal below opening of ear
- surgical scrub
What are the post-op instructions for lateral ear resection?
- bandage for first few days
- elizabethan collar
- clean ear daily
- topical antibiotics and ear medications
- analgesics
What is an ear crop? Why is it performed? What breeds it is performed on?
surgical removal of part of the ears for cosmetic appearance - boxers, Bostons, Great Danes, dobermans
Describe the surgical prep for an ear crop.
- clip the entire ear
- surgical scrub
- pack ear canal with cotton
What special instruments are needed for ear crop?
scissors and ear forms
What are the post-op instructions for an ear crop?
- tape up ears and prevent self mutilation
What procedure is a cystotomy?
- ventral midline incision into abdominal cavity
- bladder is exteriorized
Where is the incision made for a cystotomy?
- dorsal surface of bladder
List 3 indications for a cystotomy.
- removal of cystic calculi
- removal of tumors
- evaluation of bladder mucosa biopsy
Describe the surgical prep/landmarks for a cystotomy.
- clip from xiphoid to pelvic inlet and 1 inch lateral to nipples
- surgical scrub
What special instruments are used in a cystotomy?
- urinary catheter
- moist gauze sponges
Discuss post-op instructions for a cystotomy.
- antibiotics
- urinary diet
- e-collar
What is a perineal uresthrostomy (PU)? When is it performed?
surgical removal of the feline penis and widening the urethra to remove the narrow portion and expose the widest point (remove penis and make new opening) - when cats have repeated urinary tract obstructions
Describe the surgical prep/landmarks for a PU?
- entire perineal area and proximal rear limbs
- surgical scrub
What special instruments are used for a PU?
- small iris scissors
- urinary catheter
How can horses be positioned for a castration (list 3)?
- lateral recumbency
- dorsal recumbency
- standing
Where are the incisions made for an equine castration?
ventral scrotum
What special piece of equipment/instrument is used for equine castration?
- rope to tie up leg
- emasculator
- possible suture
Give 4 indications for an equine castration.
- will not use for breeding
- prevent stallion like behavior
- improve behavior
- ability to turn geldings out with mare
What type of anesthesia is used for equine castrations?
general anesthesia
Describe the surgical prep for an equine castration.
- no clipping
- betadine scrub over scrotum
What is also commonly performed during an equine castration?
wolf teeth may also be removed while horse is under
Discuss the post-op instructions of an equine castration.
- systemic analgesics and antibiotics
- stall rest night of and hand walk daily to reduce swelling
Why is tetanus prophylaxis (vaccination) important in an equine castration?
horses are very prone to tetanus
What is the difference between tetanus antitoxin and tetanus toxoid.
antitoxin has a short duration of effectiveness and toxoid lasts longer
What is the Henderson tool used for equine castration? What are the advantages of this tool?
minimizes blood loss and risk of hemorrhage
What is occurring during the Caslick’s procedure?
suturing of the labial margins of the vulva in the mare
Why is a Caslick’s procedure performed?
- poor perineal conformation
- prevents aspiration of air and feces into vagina
Describe the surgical prep for a Caslick’s procedure.
- wrap tail
- surgical scrub and prep to vaginal area
What must be done prior to foaling in a mare with a Caslick’s?
it must be opened
Define colic. What is the name of the surgery used in some colicy horses?
pain in the abdomen; exploratory laparotomy
Why is colic surgery performed?
- unrelenting abdominal pain
- torsion, volvulus, intussusception, adhesions, impactions, obstructions
What is the surgical prep for a colic surgery?
surgical scrub on entire abdomen
Discuss post-operative instruction for colic surgery.
- tetanus prophylaxis
- NPO
- IV fluids
- antibiotics
- analgesics
Where is the abomasum of the cow normally located?
right side; ventral at 7-11th ribs
What happens to the abomasum when it displaces?
moves under rumen to left flank
What does LDA stand for? Why is surgery performed?
left displaced abomasum; fills with gas
What is an abomasalpexy?
abomasum is sutured to abdominal wall to prevent recurrence
Describe the surgical prep/landmarks for an LDA.
- right side-hands width behind last rib
- clip from last rib to tip of ilium
- dorsally to wing of lumbar vertebrae to ventral midline
What special instruments are used for an LDA?
long tubing with attached needle to deflate the abomasum gas prior to repositioning
How is a bovine C-section performed
standing or dorsal recumbency
Why is a bovine C-section performed?
when female is unable to give birth normally
Describe the surgical prep/landmarks for a standing C-Section and dorsal recumbent C-section.
- clip flank from ribs to tip of ilium and dorsal to ventral midline
- surgical scrub
- entire ventral abdomen prepped
What are the post-op instruction for a bovine C-Section?
- antibiotics
- keep animal quiet
- calf nurses for beef animals
