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vtt 117 - surgical tech > wk 1-2 > Flashcards

wk 1-2 Flashcards

1
Q

metals

A

elements naturally present in earth’s crust

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2
Q

alloy

A

a metal made by combining 2 or more
metallic elements

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3
Q

steels

A

alloy made from iron metal by adding
varying amounts of others element such as carbon, chromium, nickel, etc

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4
Q

corrosion

A

deterioration of a metal

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5
Q

rust

A

compound formed when iron is exposed to oxygen and water over time. Causes metal to break down & become weak. Also called iron oxide

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6
Q

chrome

A

coating applied to steel “chrome plating”
* Less expensive than stainless steel
* Used for outpatient treatments, minor procedures, and on far

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7
Q

stainless steel

A

metal alloy made up of chromium & nickel
* Resists staining, corrosion and rust
* More commonly used than chrome plated instruments
* More expensive
* nickel and chromium
* thin layer of chromium oxide to thicken with age
*

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8
Q

tungsten carbide

A
  • Strong, durable metal
  • Recognized by gold-colored handles
  • Inner jaws of needle holders called “inserts”
  • Cutting edge of scissors
  • Strengthens surfaces & retains sharp edge
  • When these inserts wear out can be replaced. Do not have to replace entire instrument
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9
Q

cleaning instruments after use

A
  • Use toothbrush
  • Cool water +/- detergent
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10
Q

ultrasonic cleaner

A

High frequency sound waves
are converted to mechanical
vibrations.
* Causes microscopic bubbles
to form on every surface 
bubbles explode  creating
minute vacuums which draw
out the tiniest particles of
debris

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11
Q

surgical milk

A
  1. Lubricates
  2. Help to prevent rust
    * Mix surgical milk with water
    * Soak instruments for short time (30 sec)
    * Do not rinse
    * Instruments must be dry before autoclaving.
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12
Q

before sterilizing

A
  • Dry thoroughly prior to autoclaving.
  • Inspect instruments after each use and before sterilization for
    damage and proper function.
  • Focus on box locks and ratchets of instruments.
  • Replace/repair as needed
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13
Q

causes for corrosion

A
  • Excessive moisture on instruments prior to autoclaving
  • Too short autoclave drying time
  • Hard water
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14
Q

causes for rust

A
  • Excessive moisture
  • Sterilizing stainless steel and imperfectly chrome-plated
    instruments in same pack.
  • Rust cannot be rinsed off.
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15
Q

importance of sterilization

A

Control microorganisms and pathogens
* Protects patients
* Protects staff
* Promotes healing & wellness
* Improper sanitation  can lead to increased risk of contamination

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16
Q

clean

A

The physical removal of organic or inorganic soils and microbial contaminants

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17
Q

sanitize

A

Removal of infectious material and pathogens

18
Q

contamination

A

Process by which something is rendered unclean or unsterile

19
Q

asepsis

A

Absence of pathogenic microorganisms; disease producing

20
Q

sterile

A

Absence of all living microorganisms including spores

21
Q

disinfectant

A

Substance that inhibits or prevents the
growth of microbes on an inanimate object

22
Q

antiseptic

A

Substance that inhibits or prevents the growth of microbes on living tissue

23
Q

bacteriostatic

A

Agents that prevents the growth of bacteria.
* Benzyl alcohol
* Preservative in liquids you don’t want bacteria to grow i

24
Q

bacteriocidal

A

Substance that destroys or kills bacteria.
* Iodine, Chlorhexidine
* Surgical scrubs

25
Q

factors that impact the control of contamination

A
  • Time
  • Temperature
  • Concentration & Preparation
  • Organisms
  • Surface
  • Organic debris
  • Method of Application
26
Q

guidlines for sterilization

A
  • All materials must be properly cleaned before sterilization
  • All material must be properly wrapped
  • All materials must be properly positioned in the sterilizer to allow
    contact of all surfaces
  • All materials must be allowed to dry before removing.
27
Q

sterilization methods

A
  • Autoclaving
  • Flashing
  • Boiling
  • Dry Heat
  • Gas
  • Radiation
  • Cold Disinfecting
28
Q

autoclaving mode of action

A
  • Heat – killing agent denatures microbial protein
  • Steam – that supplies the heat & promotes penetration of the heat
  • Pressure – creates adequately heated steam
29
Q

factors for successful autoclaving

A

temp
time
pressure

30
Q

advantages of autoclaving

A
  • Economical
  • Consistent
  • Safe
31
Q

disadvantages of autoclaving

A
  • Will dull sharp instruments
  • Need pressurized equipment
  • Can scorch fabric if too dry
  • May leave packs wet-moisture will
    damage instruments
32
Q

process of using autoclave

A
  1. Fill reservoir with distilled water.
  2. Turn knob to fill chamber with water.
  3. Loosely load with items to be autoclaved.
  4. Make sure red needle is on 0 psi
  5. Start heat cycle (Set heat & pressure, time)
  6. When timer goes off turn knob to exhaust/dry (Allows steam to vent, forcing water from chamber back into
    reservoir-aids drying; Also check that temp & pressure reached correct level)
  7. When pressure = 0 psi, door is opened a bit to allow additional steam to escape.
  8. Set timer for dry with door slightly open
33
Q

flash autoclave

A

one item; 4 minutes

34
Q

antiseptics

A

Chlorhexidine gluconate
Iodophors
Avagard

35
Q

disinfectants

A

alcohols
Roccal-D
Decon-Quat

36
Q

scrub

A

first step; thicker consistency; creates suds (mixed with detergent)

37
Q

solution

A

second step; thinner consistency

38
Q

properties of ideal wrapping material

A
  • It should be an excellent barrier against microbes
  • It should allows steam to penetrate deep into pack
  • It should be easy to handle
  • It should resists tearing
  • It should be inexpensive
39
Q

wrapping materials

A

paper, cloth, plastic

40
Q

4 basic groups of packs

A
  • Gown and towel packs
  • Glove packs
  • Standard instrument packs
  • Special instrument packs
41
Q

pack preparation

A
  • Materials are placed in the pack in the order of their projected use.
  • Leave some room for steam circulation within the pack.
  • Materials used first are placed on top.
  • Drapes
  • Towel clamps
  • A sterilization indicator strip is placed within pack to indicate proper sterilization has occurred.
  • Indicators are placed in the center of the pack.
  • Color will fully move across the indicator after proper temperature is reached - +/- time
  • We will place 2 strips in our instrument packs
42
Q

pack sterilization failure

A
  • Packed too tightly or that are improperly loaded in the autoclave.
  • Malfunctioning equipment
  • Insufficient temperature and pressure.
  • Exposure time in autoclave too short.

vtt 117 - surgical tech (8 decks)

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