wk 1

Question 1

is there manipulation in survey designs

Answer 1

no. just measuring variables. focus on the relationships across the variables

Question 2

social desirability

Answer 2

leads to

• an over-reporting of positive/socially acceptable behaviours.
• an under-reporting of negative/socially unacceptable behaviours

Question 3

ecological validity

Answer 3

how applicable findings are to the world outside the lab.

does the control of other variables result in an artificial environment?

Question 4

cross sectional design

Answer 4

participants participate at one point in time

Question 5

longitudinal design

Answer 5

participants can participate in the study more than once. look for differences over time.

Question 6

time lagged

Answer 6

a combination of cross sectional and longitudinal.

studies one group at one point in time. studies a different group (part of the same demographic) at a different time.

Question 7

cross sectional strengths

Answer 7

quick data collection
easy and cheap
useful for establishing initial relationships

Question 8

cross sectional weaknesses

Answer 8

cannot infer causality
any relationships found may be due to things not measured ‘confounding variables’
cohort effects

Question 9

longitudinal strengths

Answer 9

can follow the same changes over time in the same group of people

Question 10

longitudinal weaknesses

Answer 10

time consuming and intensive data collection
attrition
practice effects
cannot modify method half way through

Question 11

surveys include

Answer 11

interviews
questionnaires
observations