Witwer MSK study guide 1 - LE

Question 1

Innervation of the lower limb is done by what two plexes?

Answer 1

Lumbar and sacral plexes

Question 2

The lumbar plexus is made up of what nerve roots?

Answer 2

L1 to L4

Question 3

The sacral plexus is made up of what nerve roots?

Answer 3

L4 to S4

Question 4

The lower limb is innervated by what nerve roots?

Answer 4

L1 to S3

Question 5

S4 and S5 innervates what area?

Answer 5

Perineum

Question 6

The anterior compartment of the thigh is innervated by what nerve?

Answer 6

Femoral nerve

Question 7

Which muscles are innervated by the femoral nerve?

Answer 7

Quadriceps femoris, iliacus, and sartorius

Question 8

The medial compartment of the thigh is mostly innervated by what nerve?

Answer 8

Obturator nerve

Question 9

What 5 muscles are innervated by the obturator nerve?

Answer 9

Gracilis, adductor longus, adductor brevis, obturator externus, and adductor portion of adductor magnus

Question 10

What nerve innervates posterior compartment of the legs, and all muscles of the leg and foot?

Answer 10

Sciatic nerve

Question 11

What are the branches of the sciatic nerve?

Answer 11

Tibial nerve and common fibular nerve

Question 12

What quadrant of the glute should IM injections be done to avoid the sciatic nerve and other key structures?

Answer 12

Superior lateral quadrant of the glute

Question 13

What areas does the tibial nerve innervate?

Answer 13

Posterior compartment of the leg and sole of foot

Question 14

What areas does the common fibular nerve innervate?

Answer 14

Lateral and anterior compartments of the leg.

Question 15

Trendelenburg gait is caused by weakness of what muscles?

Answer 15

gluteus medius and minimus

Question 16

What is innervated by the superior gluteal nerve?

Answer 16

Gluteus medius, gluteus minimus, tensor fascia lata

Question 17

The gluteus maximus is innervated by what nerve?

Answer 17

The inferior gluteal nerve

Question 18

What is innervated by the pudendal nerve?

Answer 18

Sensory to the perineum, sphincters of the bladder and rectum

Question 19

What is the dermatome for the following areas?
Inguinal ligament
Lateral thigh
Lower medial thigh
Medical great toe
Medial second toe
Lateral fifth toe
Back of thigh
Perineum

Answer 19

Inguinal ligament - L1
Lateral thigh - L2
Lower medial thigh -L3
Medial great toe - L4
Medial second toe - L5
Lateral fifth toe - S1
Back of thigh - S2
Perineum - S3-S5

Question 20

What are the deep veins of the LE?

Answer 20

Femoral, Deep femoral, Popliteal, Anterior tibial, Posterior tibial, peroneal

Question 21

What are the superficial veins of the LE?

Answer 21

Greater and lesser saphenous veins

Question 22

What muscles insert at the greater trochanter?

Answer 22

Gluteus medius, gluteus minimus, obturator internus, obturator externus, piriformis, gemelli

Question 23

Function of the gluteus maximus?

Answer 23

Hip extension and lateral rotation

Question 24

Do the gluteus medius and minimus act as medial or lateral rotators of the hip?

Answer 24

Both! Medial rotation when the hip if extended, lateral rotation when the hip is flexed

Question 25

What are the 6 lateral rotators of the hip?

Answer 25

Quadratus femoris Piriformis Obturator internus and externus Gemellus superior and inferior

Question 26

What muscle inserts on the lesser trochanter of the femur?

Answer 26

Iliopsoas

Question 27

Blood is supplied to the femoral head by what arteries?

Answer 27

The circumflex arteries and the artery of ligamentum teres

Question 28

What structures make up the borders of the femoral triangle?

Answer 28

Lateral border- sartorius muscle Superior border- inguinal ligament inferior border- adductor longus

Question 29

What structures travel through the femoral triagnle?

Answer 29

``` NAVEL from lateral to medial Femoral Nerve Femoral Artery Femoral Vein Empty Lymph vessels ```

Question 30

Nerves, arteries, and veins going to the perineum and posterior leg travel through what foramen?

Answer 30

Greater sciatic foramen

Question 31

What nerve supplies sensory to the perineum?

Answer 31

Pudendal nerve

Question 32

The pudendal nerve travels though the greater sciatic foramen as well as what other foramen?

Answer 32

Lesser sciatic foramen

Question 33

What muscles make up the quadriceps femoris?

Answer 33

Vastus lateralis, vastus medialis, vastus intermedius, rectus femoris

Question 34

All muscles of the medial compartment are innervated by the obturator nerve except for what muscle?

Answer 34

The pectineus muscle | and part of the adductor magnus technically

Question 35

Where is the Pes Anserinus?

Answer 35

Medial proximal tibia

Question 36

What muscles insert at the Pes anserinus? What are they innervated by?

Answer 36

Remember SGT FOS Sartorius - Femoral nerve Gracilis - Obturator nerve semiTendinosis - Sciatic nerve

Question 37

What inserts at the lateral head of the fibula?

Answer 37

Biceps femoris

Question 38

What is the IT band? What muscle is associated with it?

Answer 38

Iliotibial band is connective tissue along the lateral thigh. It connects the tensor fasica lata to below the knee

Question 39

Meralgia parasthetica is associated with what nerve?

Answer 39

Lateral cutaneous nerve of the thigh

Question 40

Although the greater saphenous vein is superficial, it can be considered a deep vein for what reason?

Answer 40

It drains directly into the femoral vein, so clots located in the greater saphenous vein can have femoral vein involvement.

Question 41

The patella is the largest _____ bone.

Answer 41

Sesamoid

Question 42

Name the 7 knee flexors.

Answer 42

Semimembranosis, semitendonosis, biceps femoris, gastrocnemius, gracilis, sartorius, popliteus

Question 43

Which of the knee flexors are the "hamstrings"

Answer 43

Semimembranosis, semitendonosis, biceps femoris

Question 44

Are the biceps femoris muscles medial or lateral on the thigh?

Answer 44

Lateral

Question 45

Name the 2 extensors of the knee.

Answer 45

Quadriceps femoris, tensor fascia lata

Question 46

What 4 muscles make up the quadriceps femoris?

Answer 46

Rectus femoris, vastus lateralis, vastus medialis, and vastus intermedius

Question 47

The terrible triad of knee injuries includes what 3 types of tears?

Answer 47

ACL, MCL, and MM

Question 48

What is a baker's cyst?

Answer 48

When synovial fluid from the knee joint creates and out pouching into the popliteal fossa.

Question 49

What is more common, medial or lateral meniscal tear?

Answer 49

According to Dr Witwer's study guide: lateral mensicus | According to google: medial meniscus

Question 50

What structures pass through the popliteal fossa?

Answer 50

Popliteal artery and vein, lesser saphenous vein, tibial and common fibular nerve