Witwer MSK study guide 1 - LE Flashcards
Innervation of the lower limb is done by what two plexes?
Lumbar and sacral plexes
The lumbar plexus is made up of what nerve roots?
L1 to L4
The sacral plexus is made up of what nerve roots?
L4 to S4
The lower limb is innervated by what nerve roots?
L1 to S3
S4 and S5 innervates what area?
Perineum
The anterior compartment of the thigh is innervated by what nerve?
Femoral nerve
Which muscles are innervated by the femoral nerve?
Quadriceps femoris, iliacus, and sartorius
The medial compartment of the thigh is mostly innervated by what nerve?
Obturator nerve
What 5 muscles are innervated by the obturator nerve?
Gracilis, adductor longus, adductor brevis, obturator externus, and adductor portion of adductor magnus
What nerve innervates posterior compartment of the legs, and all muscles of the leg and foot?
Sciatic nerve
What are the branches of the sciatic nerve?
Tibial nerve and common fibular nerve
What quadrant of the glute should IM injections be done to avoid the sciatic nerve and other key structures?
Superior lateral quadrant of the glute
What areas does the tibial nerve innervate?
Posterior compartment of the leg and sole of foot
What areas does the common fibular nerve innervate?
Lateral and anterior compartments of the leg.
Trendelenburg gait is caused by weakness of what muscles?
gluteus medius and minimus
What is innervated by the superior gluteal nerve?
Gluteus medius, gluteus minimus, tensor fascia lata
The gluteus maximus is innervated by what nerve?
The inferior gluteal nerve
What is innervated by the pudendal nerve?
Sensory to the perineum, sphincters of the bladder and rectum
What is the dermatome for the following areas? Inguinal ligament Lateral thigh Lower medial thigh Medical great toe Medial second toe Lateral fifth toe Back of thigh Perineum
Inguinal ligament - L1 Lateral thigh - L2 Lower medial thigh -L3 Medial great toe - L4 Medial second toe - L5 Lateral fifth toe - S1 Back of thigh - S2 Perineum - S3-S5
What are the deep veins of the LE?
Femoral, Deep femoral, Popliteal, Anterior tibial, Posterior tibial, peroneal
What are the superficial veins of the LE?
Greater and lesser saphenous veins
What muscles insert at the greater trochanter?
Gluteus medius, gluteus minimus, obturator internus, obturator externus, piriformis, gemelli
Function of the gluteus maximus?
Hip extension and lateral rotation
Do the gluteus medius and minimus act as medial or lateral rotators of the hip?
Both! Medial rotation when the hip if extended, lateral rotation when the hip is flexed
What are the 6 lateral rotators of the hip?
Quadratus femoris
Piriformis
Obturator internus and externus
Gemellus superior and inferior
What muscle inserts on the lesser trochanter of the femur?
Iliopsoas
Blood is supplied to the femoral head by what arteries?
The circumflex arteries and the artery of ligamentum teres
What structures make up the borders of the femoral triangle?
Lateral border- sartorius muscle
Superior border- inguinal ligament
inferior border- adductor longus
What structures travel through the femoral triagnle?
NAVEL from lateral to medial Femoral Nerve Femoral Artery Femoral Vein Empty Lymph vessels
Nerves, arteries, and veins going to the perineum and posterior leg travel through what foramen?
Greater sciatic foramen
What nerve supplies sensory to the perineum?
Pudendal nerve
The pudendal nerve travels though the greater sciatic foramen as well as what other foramen?
Lesser sciatic foramen
What muscles make up the quadriceps femoris?
Vastus lateralis, vastus medialis, vastus intermedius, rectus femoris
All muscles of the medial compartment are innervated by the obturator nerve except for what muscle?
The pectineus muscle
and part of the adductor magnus technically
Where is the Pes Anserinus?
Medial proximal tibia
What muscles insert at the Pes anserinus? What are they innervated by?
Remember SGT FOS
Sartorius - Femoral nerve Gracilis - Obturator nerve
semiTendinosis - Sciatic nerve
What inserts at the lateral head of the fibula?
Biceps femoris
What is the IT band? What muscle is associated with it?
Iliotibial band is connective tissue along the lateral thigh. It connects the tensor fasica lata to below the knee
Meralgia parasthetica is associated with what nerve?
Lateral cutaneous nerve of the thigh
Although the greater saphenous vein is superficial, it can be considered a deep vein for what reason?
It drains directly into the femoral vein, so clots located in the greater saphenous vein can have femoral vein involvement.
The patella is the largest _____ bone.
Sesamoid
Name the 7 knee flexors.
Semimembranosis, semitendonosis, biceps femoris, gastrocnemius, gracilis, sartorius, popliteus
Which of the knee flexors are the “hamstrings”
Semimembranosis, semitendonosis, biceps femoris
Are the biceps femoris muscles medial or lateral on the thigh?
Lateral
Name the 2 extensors of the knee.
Quadriceps femoris, tensor fascia lata
What 4 muscles make up the quadriceps femoris?
Rectus femoris, vastus lateralis, vastus medialis, and vastus intermedius
The terrible triad of knee injuries includes what 3 types of tears?
ACL, MCL, and MM
What is a baker’s cyst?
When synovial fluid from the knee joint creates and out pouching into the popliteal fossa.
What is more common, medial or lateral meniscal tear?
According to Dr Witwer’s study guide: lateral mensicus
According to google: medial meniscus
What structures pass through the popliteal fossa?
Popliteal artery and vein, lesser saphenous vein, tibial and common fibular nerve
