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RRPA Anatomy II > Witwer MSK study guide 1 - LE > Flashcards

Witwer MSK study guide 1 - LE Flashcards

1
Q

Innervation of the lower limb is done by what two plexes?

A

Lumbar and sacral plexes

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2
Q

The lumbar plexus is made up of what nerve roots?

A

L1 to L4

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3
Q

The sacral plexus is made up of what nerve roots?

A

L4 to S4

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4
Q

The lower limb is innervated by what nerve roots?

A

L1 to S3

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5
Q

S4 and S5 innervates what area?

A

Perineum

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6
Q

The anterior compartment of the thigh is innervated by what nerve?

A

Femoral nerve

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7
Q

Which muscles are innervated by the femoral nerve?

A

Quadriceps femoris, iliacus, and sartorius

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8
Q

The medial compartment of the thigh is mostly innervated by what nerve?

A

Obturator nerve

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9
Q

What 5 muscles are innervated by the obturator nerve?

A

Gracilis, adductor longus, adductor brevis, obturator externus, and adductor portion of adductor magnus

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10
Q

What nerve innervates posterior compartment of the legs, and all muscles of the leg and foot?

A

Sciatic nerve

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11
Q

What are the branches of the sciatic nerve?

A

Tibial nerve and common fibular nerve

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12
Q

What quadrant of the glute should IM injections be done to avoid the sciatic nerve and other key structures?

A

Superior lateral quadrant of the glute

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13
Q

What areas does the tibial nerve innervate?

A

Posterior compartment of the leg and sole of foot

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14
Q

What areas does the common fibular nerve innervate?

A

Lateral and anterior compartments of the leg.

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15
Q

Trendelenburg gait is caused by weakness of what muscles?

A

gluteus medius and minimus

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16
Q

What is innervated by the superior gluteal nerve?

A

Gluteus medius, gluteus minimus, tensor fascia lata

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17
Q

The gluteus maximus is innervated by what nerve?

A

The inferior gluteal nerve

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18
Q

What is innervated by the pudendal nerve?

A

Sensory to the perineum, sphincters of the bladder and rectum

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19
Q 
What is the dermatome for the following areas?
Inguinal ligament
Lateral thigh
Lower medial thigh
Medical great toe
Medial second toe
Lateral fifth toe
Back of thigh
Perineum
A 
Inguinal ligament - L1
Lateral thigh - L2
Lower medial thigh -L3
Medial great toe - L4
Medial second toe - L5
Lateral fifth toe - S1
Back of thigh - S2
Perineum - S3-S5
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20
Q

What are the deep veins of the LE?

A

Femoral, Deep femoral, Popliteal, Anterior tibial, Posterior tibial, peroneal

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21
Q

What are the superficial veins of the LE?

A

Greater and lesser saphenous veins

22
Q

What muscles insert at the greater trochanter?

A

Gluteus medius, gluteus minimus, obturator internus, obturator externus, piriformis, gemelli

23
Q

Function of the gluteus maximus?

A

Hip extension and lateral rotation

24
Q

Do the gluteus medius and minimus act as medial or lateral rotators of the hip?

A

Both! Medial rotation when the hip if extended, lateral rotation when the hip is flexed

25
Q

What are the 6 lateral rotators of the hip?

A

Quadratus femoris
Piriformis
Obturator internus and externus
Gemellus superior and inferior

26
Q

What muscle inserts on the lesser trochanter of the femur?

A

Iliopsoas

27
Q

Blood is supplied to the femoral head by what arteries?

A

The circumflex arteries and the artery of ligamentum teres

28
Q

What structures make up the borders of the femoral triangle?

A

Lateral border- sartorius muscle
Superior border- inguinal ligament
inferior border- adductor longus

29
Q

What structures travel through the femoral triagnle?

A 
NAVEL from lateral to medial
Femoral Nerve
Femoral Artery
Femoral Vein
Empty
Lymph vessels
30
Q

Nerves, arteries, and veins going to the perineum and posterior leg travel through what foramen?

A

Greater sciatic foramen

31
Q

What nerve supplies sensory to the perineum?

A

Pudendal nerve

32
Q

The pudendal nerve travels though the greater sciatic foramen as well as what other foramen?

A

Lesser sciatic foramen

33
Q

What muscles make up the quadriceps femoris?

A

Vastus lateralis, vastus medialis, vastus intermedius, rectus femoris

34
Q

All muscles of the medial compartment are innervated by the obturator nerve except for what muscle?

A

The pectineus muscle

and part of the adductor magnus technically

35
Q

Where is the Pes Anserinus?

A

Medial proximal tibia

36
Q

What muscles insert at the Pes anserinus? What are they innervated by?

A

Remember SGT FOS
Sartorius - Femoral nerve Gracilis - Obturator nerve
semiTendinosis - Sciatic nerve

37
Q

What inserts at the lateral head of the fibula?

A

Biceps femoris

38
Q

What is the IT band? What muscle is associated with it?

A

Iliotibial band is connective tissue along the lateral thigh. It connects the tensor fasica lata to below the knee

39
Q

Meralgia parasthetica is associated with what nerve?

A

Lateral cutaneous nerve of the thigh

40
Q

Although the greater saphenous vein is superficial, it can be considered a deep vein for what reason?

A

It drains directly into the femoral vein, so clots located in the greater saphenous vein can have femoral vein involvement.

41
Q

The patella is the largest _____ bone.

A

Sesamoid

42
Q

Name the 7 knee flexors.

A

Semimembranosis, semitendonosis, biceps femoris, gastrocnemius, gracilis, sartorius, popliteus

43
Q

Which of the knee flexors are the “hamstrings”

A

Semimembranosis, semitendonosis, biceps femoris

44
Q

Are the biceps femoris muscles medial or lateral on the thigh?

A

Lateral

45
Q

Name the 2 extensors of the knee.

A

Quadriceps femoris, tensor fascia lata

46
Q

What 4 muscles make up the quadriceps femoris?

A

Rectus femoris, vastus lateralis, vastus medialis, and vastus intermedius

47
Q

The terrible triad of knee injuries includes what 3 types of tears?

A

ACL, MCL, and MM

48
Q

What is a baker’s cyst?

A

When synovial fluid from the knee joint creates and out pouching into the popliteal fossa.

49
Q

What is more common, medial or lateral meniscal tear?

A

According to Dr Witwer’s study guide: lateral mensicus

According to google: medial meniscus

50
Q

What structures pass through the popliteal fossa?

A

Popliteal artery and vein, lesser saphenous vein, tibial and common fibular nerve

RRPA Anatomy II (9 decks)

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