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biology - freshman year (16-17) > winter finals > Flashcards

winter finals Flashcards

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AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

what is a constant variable?

A

stays constant or unchanged throughout the investigation.

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2
Q

what is a controlled variable?

A

stays constant or unchanged throughout the investigation.

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3
Q

what is a control group?

A

group that doesn’t receive any treatment.

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4
Q

what is biology the study of?

A

life and living things.

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5
Q

what is a prokaryotic? give examples of what type of cell or cell(s) it is.

A

doesn’t contain membrane-bound organelles, such as the nucleus. bacteria.

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6
Q

what is a eukaryotic? give examples of what type of cell or cell(s) it is.

A

contain membrane-bound organelles, such as the nucleus. plants, animals, fungi.

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7
Q

what structure regulates what enters and exits a cell?

A

plasma membrane.

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8
Q

in which organelle does photosynthesis occur?

A

chloroplasts

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9
Q

what is the function of a mitochondria?

A

produce the energy currency of the cell

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10
Q

which organelle contains the cell’s genetic material (DNA)?

A

nucleus

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11
Q

which cellular structure helps make proteins?

A

ribosomes

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12
Q

how are plant cells different from animal cells?

A

plant cells have an organelle called chloroplast and they have cell walls (animal cells do not)

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13
Q

active transport

A

describes what happens when a cell uses energy to transport something.

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14
Q

osmosis

A

Osmosis is a process in which a fluid moves through a semipermeable membrane so that each side has equal amounts

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15
Q

example of diffusion :

A

Digested particles of food diffuse in the colon.

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16
Q

what will occur if an animal cell is placed on fresh water?

A

it will make the cells swell up and eventually burst.

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17
Q

once equilibrium has been reached what will happen to the molecules?

A

particles of a solution will continue to move across the membrane in both directions.

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18
Q

what is the result of cell division after mitosis?

A

two genetically identical daughter nuclei.

19
Q

what does the cytoplasm do

A

supports and cushions organelles.

20
Q

what does the nucleus do

A

controls cell processes.

21
Q

list the eight characteristics of life

A 
are made up of units called cells
reproduce
universal genetic code
grow and develop
obtain and use energy
respond to environment
maintains stable internal enviorment
as a group; changes over time
22
Q

bias is…

A

prejudice material

23
Q

line…

A

continuous data on x and y

24
Q

pie…

A

percentages or parts of a whole

25
Q

importance of decomposers;

A

plants wouldn’t get their nutrients and dead matter would waste and pile up.

26
Q

biotic

A

living things in an ecosystem

27
Q

abiotic

A

non-living things in an ecosystem

28
Q

difference in how matter and energy move in ecosystems

A

matter cycles

energy flows

29
Q

food web

A

a network of complex interactions and feeding relationships among all organisms in an ecosystem.

30
Q

food chain

A

series of steps in an ecosystem in which organism transfer energy by eating and being eaten.

31
Q

sketch on a piece of paper what exponential and logistic growth looks like (go online if you need help)

A

(sorry, I couldn’t provide pictures)

32
Q

carrying capacity is…

A

maximum population size

33
Q

what type of symbiosis is defined by both organisms benefiting?

A

mutalism

34
Q

what is ecological succesion?

A

a series of predictable changes

35
Q

define polar :

A

molecules that are neautral

36
Q

which characteristic of water allows some animals to”walk-on-water”?

A

surface tension

37
Q

examples of substances made up of lipids

A

fats, oil and steroids

38
Q

compare the energy storage of carbohydrates and lipids

A

carbs are used for quick energy and lipids are used for long-term energy STORAGE

39
Q

which characterisitc of water refers to its ability to dissolve most substances?

A

universal solvent

40
Q

plants use this organic compound to build strong cell walls

A

carbs

41
Q

what are monomers?

A

proteins that are amino-acids

42
Q

how do enzymes affect the reactions in living cells?

A

they speed up reactions

43
Q

what can denature enzymes?

A

increase in tempratue

44
Q

explain what happens to a cells volume and surface area as its size inceases

A

the volume of the cell increases faster than its surface area making it less efficent

biology - freshman year (16-17) (9 decks)

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