Winchester questions Flashcards

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1
Q

What and where is the Ganges?

A

River in India.

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2
Q

What and where is the Prime Meridian.

A

Line of 0 degree longitude. Runs though Greenwich in London.

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3
Q

Whats and where is the Sahara?

A

Large desert in North Africa.

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4
Q

What country is Lagos the capital of?

A

Nigeria.

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5
Q

Where is Snowdonia?

A

North west Wales.

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6
Q

What country is Islamabad in?

A

Pakistan.

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7
Q

Where is Seattle?

A

Washington State US, North West coast.

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8
Q

What is lava?

A

Molten rock.

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9
Q

How do you define an active volcano?

A

Still active and erupt frequently.

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10
Q

How do you define an dormant volcano?

A

Dormant (temporarily inactive but not fully extinct).

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11
Q

How do you define an extinct volcano?

A

Extinct (never likely to erupt again).

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12
Q

What hazards do lava flows present?

A

Lava is molten rock that flows out of a volcano or volcanic vent.

Depending on its composition and temperature, lava can be very fluid or very sticky (viscous).

Fluid flows are hotter and move the fastest; they can form streams or rivers, or spread out across the landscape in lobes.

Viscous flows are cooler and travel shorter distances, and can sometimes build up into lava domes or plugs; collapses of flow fronts or domes can form pyroclastic density currents.

Most lava flows can be easily avoided by a person on foot, since they don’t move much faster than walking speed, but a lava flow usually cannot be stopped or diverted.

Because lava flows are extremely hot - between 1,000-2,000°C (1,800 - 3,600° F) - they can cause severe burns and often burn down vegetation and structures.

Lava flowing from a vent also creates enormous amounts of pressure, which can crush or bury whatever survives being burned.

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13
Q

How do transport and deposition combine to form a spit?

A

Spits are also created by deposition. A spit is an extended stretch of beach material that projects out to sea and is joined to the mainland at one end.

Spits are formed where the prevailing wind blows at an angle to the coastline, resulting in longshore drift.

An example of a spit is Spurn Head, found along the Holderness coast in Humberside.
ongshore drift moves material along the coastline.

A spit forms when the material is deposited.

Over time, the spit grows and develops a hook if wind direction changes further out.

Waves cannot get past a spit, which creates a sheltered area where silt is deposited and mud flats or salt marshes form.

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14
Q

Explain the function of a sea wall.

A

A seawall (or sea wall) is a form of coastal defense constructed where the sea, and associated coastal processes, impact directly upon the landforms of the coast.

The purpose of a sea wall is to protect areas of human habitation, conservation and leisure activities from the action of tides, waves, or tsunamis.

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15
Q

Explain the function of a groyne?

A

A groyne is a rigid hydraulic structure built from an ocean shore (in coastal engineering) or from a bank (in rivers) that interrupts water flow and limits the movement of sediment.

It is usually made out of wood, concrete or stone.

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16
Q

Explain the function of rock armour?

A

Riprap or rock armour or rock or other material used to armour streambeds, bridge abutments, pilings and other shoreline structures against scour or water erosion.

It is used to protect coastlines and structures from erosion by the sea, rivers, or streams.

17
Q

Why are coastal defences needed on a spit which is inhabited?

A

As the spit is formed by deposition it is mobile and can be eroded. Defences are needed if it is to remain stable.

18
Q

Why are coastal defences needed on a spit which is inhabited?

A

As the spit is formed by deposition it is mobile and can be eroded.

Defences are needed if it is to remain stable.

19
Q

Name a famous spit near Winchester.

A

Sandbanks in Dorset.

20
Q

What is the definition of a flash flood?

A

Happens in low lying areas.

Causes can be:

Rapid surface run off from nearby steep slopes.

Ground already saturated from precipitation.

If a water flow becomes dammed water can build up behind it and then the dam eventually burst.

21
Q

How are the flash floods in Arizona in the US formed?

A

Convectional rainfall. Ground heats up. Evaporation occurs. Tall cumulonimbus clouds are formed. Violent precipitation occurs.

22
Q

Why does precipition on a desert area tend of move as surface water run off / overland flow rather than infiltrate / percolate the ground?

A

The ground in a desert will be baked hard by the sun and this makes it hard for water the percolate through.

23
Q

What is a heat island?

A

In cities, London can be described as a heat island.

24
Q

What difference does a river made to temperature in a city?

A

The river will cool the city by absorbing the sun’s energy. The flat area of water allows breezes to travel through the city.

25
Q

How did the introduction of the shipping container change world trade?

A

It made world trade grow rapidly as the volumes that could be transported were much larger.

26
Q

What happened to the number of ports in Europe between 1965 and 1970?

A

Number dropped from 11 to 3. This is because the ships that carried shipping containers were able to be much bigger than previous cargo ships. Only deep water ports survived.

27
Q

Name three areas at risk from desertification:

A

North eastern Brazil, Zambia, Zimbabwe, south eastern argentina, north eastern China. Sub Saharan India.

28
Q

Why does desertification occur?

A

Deforestation, over farming, changing climate.

29
Q

Explain global consequences of a slow down in China’s economic growth?

A

China is the second-largest economy in the world - it contributed 38% to global growth in 2014 - so when its growth slows, so does the rest of the world’s.
Stalling growth in China directly affects a number of economies that trade heavily with China. According to the World Trade Organisation, China imported $123bn worth of goods from the US in 2013, $194bn from Japan, and $211bn from the Eurozone.

30
Q

Where are the Rockies?

A

Western US and Canada.

31
Q

Where is the Amazon?

A

Northern Brazil

32
Q

Where is the Ganges?

A

India

33
Q

Suggest 2 features that would make the map easier to use.

A

a scale, relief markings, a compass.

34
Q

Where is Mexico City?

A

Mexico

35
Q

Where is Brazilia?

A

Brazil

36
Q

Where is Dhaka?

A

Bangladesh