1.5 - settlements and service provision Flashcards
What is a settlement
A place where people live
What two types of settlement are there (time)
Permanent and temporary
What do settlements have
A specific function
What are the three patterns of settlement
- Linear
- Dispersed
- Nucleated
What is a dispersed settlement
A settlement where the houses are scattered in the countryside rather than concentrated in a city or town
What is a linear settlement
- Housing that has grown up along a geographical feature e.g. a river or a route e.g. a road
What is a nucleated settlement
A settlement in which houses and other other buildings are tightly clustered around a central feature such as a church, village green or cross roads
What is a wet point site
These have a good water supply
What is a dry point sight
A sight away from the risk of flood
What is a defensive sight
A sight often found on higher ground so that in the past enemies could be seen from a distance
What is an aspect
Settlements are often found on the sunny side of a deep valley
What is a shelter sight
A sight sheltered from cold prevailing winds and rain
What is a gap town
A settlement found between two areas of high ground
Why are resources taken into account for sights of settlements
Important for industry
What is a bridging point
- Where a river is narrow or shallow enough to be bridged
- These points often become trade centres
What factors affect the size growth and function of settlements
- Extreme environments - settlemtns are small
- Favoured food production - Settlements grow in size
- Trade and communication - a point between other settlements
- Good supply of raw materials - building, energy sources, valuble rocks
What is the definition of hierarchy
Placing things in order of importance
What is the definition of threshold population
The minimum number of people to make a service viable
What is the definition of sphere of influence
The area people travel from to use a service
Place settlements in hierarchy
start with isolated place
What type of services to small settlements supply
Low-order services
What will large settlements supply for services
High order services
What is the “Range” of a service or product
The maximum distance people are prepared to travel to purchase it
Why might a settlment have a small population but a large amount of services
It is a settlement with a tourist function
Why might a settlement have a high poulation but a low amount of services
- It is a commuter settlement - people live there but shop and work elsewhere
- Dormitory settlements are characterized by their lack of retail outlets since commuters will use services in the centre of the city or in out-of-town shopping centres
