William, Mary and Anne - 1688 - 1715 Flashcards
William of Orange
Husband of James daughter Mary
needed England in alliance against France
June 1688 Immortal 7 wrote to him to invade England and have free parliament
Assembly of Peers
organised to run country after James
24th invites William to take over Government
29th December election plans made
Williams takeover
Dutch army remained till 1690 and took James army
Jan 1689 Convention parliament met mostly Whigs to discuss and justify James removal
Williams Terms
return to Holland if not King
Mary to share title (monarch without power)
If Mary died Anne would be successor before any future William kids
Commons agreed Feb 1689
Declaration of Rights
13th of Feb - Crown formally offered
Coronation in April 11th- different Oath showing change
Mutiny act
Toleration Act
Parts of Declaration of Rights
Mutiny - March 1689 Army creation needed parliament
Toleration - May 1689 exempted dissenters punishment if swore oath of allegiance
Bill of Rights
1690 - watered down Declaration Created constitutional Monarchy Frequent parliament free elections no Catholic Monarch limited Monarch powers
Financial settlement
March 1690 £1.2 million a year for crown, Half war half civil government
Crown immediately in debt
1693 Million Loan act and BoE set up 1694 allowed William to fight France and political nation to control William through finance
Country party v Court faction
early C17 no parties, divides seen as negative
country - formed in belief court was pro Catholic
Court - formed by Danby, group to support King and court
Tories v Whigs
during exclusion crisis, Country/court formed into Whigs and Tories
Earl of Shaftesbury first whig leader
Whigs opposed Catholic succession
Tories supported James due to Divine Right of Kings
Reaction to Glorious Revolution
Whigs liked protestant King
Tories justified it through abdication
9 year war
1688 - 1697 aligned Whigs/Tories to control Monarch spending
Royal officers called to account public spending, Tories saw this as an attack on royal prerogative
Junto
1695 - 1701 politics determined by Group of whigs called Junto
Plot to assassinate William
Tories became suspicious of Crown spending in Dutch war
Tories ‘land bank’ tried to undermine BoE
Plot allowed whigs to flush opposistion
Oath of Loyalty - 19 Tories and 90 MPs refused
Association Oath purged Tories in local offices and replace with whigs
Government under William
Parliament becomes permanent
parliament has met every year since 1689
Cabinet Government
Power of government lay in small group
william focus on war and suspension of Habeas Corpus seen as threatening
Principle of Appropriation
1690 gave parliament purpose for money
1694 Triennial act passed
William and Mary Death
Mary 1694
William 1702
Act of Settlement
1701 - Ensure Protestant house of Hanover succeed if Anne had no Heirs 57 Catholic Heirs excluded Monarch to conform Church of England Government managed by Privy council Crown couldnt remove judges
Security act
1703 - Scottish parliament said Anne’s successor should be Scottish
refused to raise taxes and threatened Military withdrawal
Alien Act
1705 - threatens to cut trade and free movement unless security act is repealed
Act of Union
1707 - Scotland / England make Great Britain
1st May both parliament combine
Politics under Anne
Favoured Tories
Tories in Power 1710
last monarch to use Royal prerogative by denying Scottish Militia Bill 1708
Developments and Events under Anne
Battle of Blenheim strengthen position
2 party political system
Golden age with literature and science
