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AAA VMS4007 > Wildlife Therapeutics > Flashcards

Wildlife Therapeutics Flashcards

1
Q

Etorphine, Carfentanil, Thiopfentanyl

A
  • Ulta-potent opioid
  • 1,000 - 10,000 x more potent than morphine
  • AEs: resp depression, muscle rigidity, reduced physiological response to hypoxaemia/hypercapnia, vasoconstriction (systemic + pul), inc HP/BP
  • Sedation
  • Overdose -> euth
  • Toxic to humans, schedule 2 drug, don’t use in blowpipes
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2
Q

ACP

A
  • Phenothiazine
  • Dopamine receptor antagonist
  • Sedative
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3
Q

Azaperone

A
  • Butyrophenone
  • Sedative
  • Can be used in combo w/ butorphanol + medetomidine
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4
Q

Medetomidine, detomidine, xylazine

A
  • Alpha-2 agonist
  • Sedative -> anaesthetic agents
  • AEs: reduced HR/RR, inc risk regurgitation in ruminants
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5
Q

Ketamine, Tiletamine

A
  • Dissociative anaesthetics
  • Give in combo w/ sedative or central muscle relaxant for immobilisation
  • Cannot be antagonised
  • AEs: excitation, inc HR/BP, apnoea, lowered seizure threshold, corneal drying, dysphoria if reversing other drugs
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6
Q

Zolazepam, Midazolam

A
  • Benzodiazepine
  • Central muscle relaxant
  • Pre-anaesthetic/sedation
  • Use in combo w/ dissociate anaesthetic for immobilisation
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7
Q

Telzol (USA), Zoletil (EU)

A
  • Sedation w/o CNS depression
  • Tiletamine + Zolazepam
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8
Q

Naloxone

A
  • Full antagonist
  • Opioid reversal
  • Fast acting for overdose
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9
Q

Buprenorphine, Diprenorhpine

A
  • Partial mu receptor agonists, higher affinity for mu opioid receptors, when given out-compete full mu agonists -> antagonistic-like effect
  • Dequential analgesia
  • Antagonises Etorphine
  • Reversal opioid
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10
Q

Somulose

A
  • Barbiturate
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11
Q

Butorphanol

A
  • Opioid
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12
Q

Naltrexone

A
  • Opioid antagonist
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13
Q

Deslorelin

A
  • GnRH agonist
  • Female implant, artiodactyl contraception
  • Adrenal disease, ferret - reduced production of sex hormones
  • Lasts > 18 m
  • Expensive
  • Endocrine management of egg peritonitis (pet poultry)
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14
Q

Improvac

A
  • Immunocontraception - giraffe male
  • GnRH agonist - suppresses FSH + LH preventing ovulation + sperm production
  • Hoofstock only
  • Require course of primary vaccinations 4 - 6 w apart, then repeat injection every 4 m; considered effective 4 w after second primary injection
  • [Pig castration - induces antibodies against GnRH to produce a temporary immunological suppression of testicular function]
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15
Q

Regu-mate (altrenogest)

A
  • Suppresses oestrus in mares
  • Synthetic P4 analogue
  • Promoting uterine quiescence - placentitis - inhibits receptor formation, prevents prostaglandin-induced abortion
  • Pigs
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16
Q

Griseofluvin

A
  • Antifungal
  • Ringworm and other skin, hair, and nail fungal infections
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17
Q

Tramadol

A
  • Painkiller
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18
Q

Enilconazole/miconazole

A
  • Anti-fungal
  • Dermatophytosis (ringworm)
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19
Q

Itraconazole/terbinafine

A
  • Antifungal
  • Aspergillosis (not as effective), dermatophytosis
  • Oral
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20
Q

Flamazine

A
  • Topical, sterile, water-based antibacterial white cream,
  • Active ingredient = silver sulfadiazine
  • Pododermatitis, open lesions, stomatitis
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21
Q

Preparation H

A
  • Haemorrhoid cream - encourages blood flow
  • Temporarily relieve swelling, burning, pain
  • Contains phenylephrine and + pramoxine -> vasconstriction -> dec swelling and discomfort
  • Avian: pododermatitis; wing tip oedema + in rodents
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22
Q

PSGAGs (Polysulfated glycosaminoglycans)

A
  • Replaces the damaged parts of the GAG layer that lines the bladder
  • Cystitis
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23
Q

Enrofloxacin

A
  • Fluoroquinolone AB
  • Resp disease (rat)
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24
Q

Azithromycin

A
  • Macrolide AB
  • Resp disease (rat)
25
Q

Doxycyline

A
  • Tetracycline AB
  • Resp disease (rat)
26
Q

Bisolvon

A
  • Mucolytic
  • Resp disease (rat)
27
Q

Salbutamol

A
  • Bronchodilator
  • Resp disease (rat)
28
Q

Mitotane/Trilostane

A
  • Dec cortisol
  • Hyperadrenocorticism (Cushing’s), adrenal disease - hyperplasia/tumours etc
  • Ferrets, dogs
  • Poor response in hamsters
29
Q

Metyrapone

A
  • Hyperadrenocorticism
  • Hamster
30
Q

Ketoconazole

A
  • Antifungal
  • Hyperadrenocorticism
  • Hamster
31
Q

Bismuth subsalicyclate (Pepto-bismol)

A
  • Gastric + mucosal protectant
  • Ulcerative gastritis
  • Helicobacter mustelae - infection
32
Q

Melatonin implant

A
  • Adrenal disease
  • Ferret
  • Cosmetic effects
33
Q

Androgen/oestradiol blockers

A
  • Adrenal disease
  • Ferret
34
Q

Delvosteron

A
  • 0.5 mL
  • Jill jab - contraception in ferrets - licensed
  • Injected when signs of oestrus seen - O vigilance
  • Pot for pyometra (rare)
  • Not currently available
35
Q

HCG

A
  • 100 iu
  • Jill jab in ferrets - unlicensed
  • Risk of reduced efficacy or anaphylaxis w/ repeated injections
36
Q

Diazoxide (Eudemine)

A
  • 5 - 15 mg/kg BID
  • Inhibits insulin secretion - by blocking sulfonylurea receptor 1 subunit of KATP-channel on pancreatic beta (ẞ) cells, which increases the permeability to potassium ions, resulting in hyperpolarisation of the cells (Calcium-dependent insulin secretion)
  • Promotes gluconeogenesis and glycolysis
  • Inhibits glucose uptake
  • Insulinoma, ferret
37
Q

Prednisolone - insulinoma Tx

A
  • 0.25 - 2 mg/kg BID
  • Increases hepatic gluconeogenesis
  • Decreases peripheral tissue glucose uptake
  • Inhibits insulin binding to receptors
  • Controls symptoms while disease progresses
  • Can be used as primary or rescue therapy
  • Ferret
38
Q

Octreotide acetate

A
  • Somatostatin analogue
  • Inhibits GI, endocrine, exocrine, pancreatic, and pituitary secretions, as well as modify neurotransmission and memory formation in the CNS
  • Used for refractory cases of insulinomas in other species but of limited benefit in ferrets
39
Q

Prednisolone

A
  • Insulinoma (ferret)
  • Lymphoma (ferret)
40
Q

Prednisolone, L-asparaginase, Cyclophosphamide, Cytarabine, Methotrexate, Chlorambucil, Procarbazine

A
  • TUFTS protocol - oral + SC multidrug protocol
  • Lymphoma (ferret)
  • 26 w treatment period, w/ 19 visits
  • 7 haematology samples
41
Q

Fenbendazole

A
  • Cestodes, nematodes, Mesoscestoides sp
  • Pinworm (reptile)
  • Capillaria (nematode) (raptors)
  • Ascarid (reptile, tortoise)
  • Crenosoma lungworm (European hedgehog)
42
Q

Piperazine

A
  • Intestinal nematodes
43
Q

Praziquantel

A
  • Cestodes
44
Q

Isoxsuprine (Navilox)

A
  • Wing tip oedema (avian)
  • Vasodilator, positive ionotrophic effects (dec HR), lowers blood viscosity + inhibits platelet aggregation = vascular stimulant
45
Q

Propentofylline (Vivitonin)

A
  • Phosphodiesterase inhibitor -> dec inflam
  • Wing tip oedema (avian)
46
Q

Itraconazole, Voriconazole, Amphotericin B

A
  • Systemic anti-fungals
  • Itraconazole toxic in African Grey Parrots
  • Syringeal aspergilloma (avian)
  • Voriconazole = more effective for aspergillosis
47
Q

Leuprolide

A
  • FDA-approved GnRH agonist
  • Endocrine management of egg peritonitis (pet poultry)
48
Q

Lincospectin

A
  • Lincomycin/spectomycin AB combo
  • Chronic Respiratory Disease (CRD) associated with mycoplasma gallisepticum (poultry)
49
Q

Tylan

A
  • Tylosin AB
  • Chronic respiratory disease (CRD) associated with Mycoplasma gallisepticum (poultry)
50
Q

Baycox

A
  • Toltrazuril - destroys all intracellular stages of the pathogen’s life cycle in the intestine without impairing the chicken’s ability to acquire lifelong natural immunity against coccidia
  • Coccidiosis in chickens caused by Eimeria specie; reptiles
51
Q

Flubendazole

A
  • Nematodes - ascarids, capillaria
  • Licensed in poultry - 0 egg withdrawal
52
Q

Ivermectin

A
  • Pinworms, lice
  • Mites: Ophionyssus nactricis + pterygosomid mites
  • Fleas + ticks - European hedgehog
  • Avoid ivermectin in all chelonia + green tree pythons - associated neurotoxicity
53
Q

TMPS

A
  • Trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole
  • Broad spectrum AB
  • Coccidosis (reptile)
  • Cryptosporidium (reptile) - slow progression results
54
Q

Metronidazole / Carnidazole e.g Harkers

A
  • Anti-protozoal - mild cases
  • Tortoises
  • Trichomonas (raptors, pigeons)
55
Q

Paromomycin

A
  • Acute + chronic intestinal amebiases - Tx against bowel infection caused by parasites + antibacterial
  • Cryptosporidium (reptile)
56
Q

Hyperimmune bovine colostrum

A
  • Cryptosporidium (reptile)
  • Not readily available
  • No benefit in SI infection
57
Q

Fipronil (frontline)

A
  • Mites
  • E.g. European hedgehog
58
Q

Calcium EDTA

A
  • Chelating drug
  • Lead poisoning
59
Q

Nystatin

A
  • Anti-funal
  • Fungal infections of the inside of the mouth and lining of the stomach and intestines
  • Raptor - crop stasis

AAA VMS4007 (9 decks)

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