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AAA VMS4007 > Wildlife Pathology > Flashcards

Wildlife Pathology Flashcards

1
Q

Considerations for immobilisation

A
  • Location
  • Terrain
  • Weather - cold (hypothermia) / hot
  • Species
  • Emergency equipment
  • Vehicle, boat, aircraft safety
  • Operator safety when handling drugs, having full antagonists
  • Operator failure, dart failure, drug failure
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2
Q

Desirable properties of drugs

A
  • Active when admin IM
  • Small vol - conc or potent
  • Stable in field - not affected by heat/cold
  • Rapidly acting
  • Antagonisable (reversible)
  • Predictable
  • Reliable
  • Dose-dependent
  • Minimal AEs - CVS + resp
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3
Q

Adverse events related to immobilisation

A
  • Stress
  • Fatigue/exhaustion
  • Resp depression
  • Hypothermia
  • Hyperthermia
  • V+/Regurg -> aspiration
  • Bloat (ruminant/camelid)
  • Trauma
  • Capture myopathy
  • Myocardial ischaemia
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4
Q

Myocardial ischaemia

A
  • Hypoventilation -> hypoxaemia
  • Vasoconstriction -> dec tissue perfusion
  • Muscle rigidity -> inc metabolic O2 demand
  • Reduces O2 supply to myocardium -> myocardial ischaemia -> CVS problems
  • Reduces heart muscle’s ability to pump blood
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5
Q

Common conditions of captive artiodactyls

A
  • Trauma - intra/inter-specific aggression; injury from enclosure
  • Parasites - high burdens; young animals; newly introduced animals
  • Abscesses - ‘lumpy jaw’ diseases; 2y to trauma; dental abscesses
  • Hoof issues - nutritional imbalances; inappropriate substrate
  • Neonates - hypothermia; failure to feed; mismothering; sepsis
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6
Q

Zoonoses (artiodactyls)

A
  • Bovine TB
  • Bacterial GI disease - Salmonella, E. coli
  • Ringworm
  • Toxoplasma
  • Brucella
  • Anthrax
  • Rabies
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7
Q

Common conditions of primates

A
  • Wounds - conspecific fighting
  • Dental disease - advancing age + soft sugary diet
  • ‘Wasting’ disease/D+ in Marmosets - vague syndrome causing D+, fur, thinning + weight loss
    Factors: stress, low protein/low fibre/high sugar diet, endoparasitism, abnormal GI bacterial flora, autoimmune disease, inappropriate heating/lighting
  • Neonatal care - rejection common = callitrichids - foetal abnormality, multiple births, stress/disturbance/naive parents, hand-reared adults
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8
Q

Zoonoses (great apes - primates)

A
  • Mycobacterium tuberculosis (M. bovis)
  • Respiratory syncytial virus
  • Salmonella
  • Shigella
  • Yersinia
  • Giardia
  • Balantidium coli
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9
Q

Reverse zoonoses (great apes - primates)

A
  • Herpes (cold sores)
  • Flu + cold viruses
  • Measles
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10
Q

Viral zoonoses (old world monkeys - primates)

A
  • Hepatitis A - consider vacc
  • Poxviruses
  • Respiratory Syncital virus
  • Rotavirus
  • Simian haemorrhagic fever
  • Simian retroviruses
  • Herpes B - macaques from all fluids/tissues -> flu-like symptoms + 70% mortality if untreated
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11
Q

Bacterial zoonoses (old world monkeys - primates)

A
  • Campylobacter jejuni
  • Shigella spp.
  • Mycobacterium tuberculosis
  • Bordetella bronchiseptica
  • Haemophilus influenza
  • Haemophilus influenza
  • Strep pneumonia
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12
Q

Parasitic zoonoses (old world monkeys - primates)

A
  • Strongyloid worms
  • Trichostrongylus spp.
  • Balantidium coli
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13
Q

Zoonoses (new world primates)

A

Faecal-oral route most common
- Shigella
- Salmonella
- Giardia
- Mycobacterium tuberculosis
- Cryptosporidium spp.

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14
Q

Common health issues (canidae - carnivores)

A
  • Gastroenteritis
  • Pyometra
  • Dental disease - canine Fx common from fighting, biting at bars/bones
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15
Q

Common health issues (procyonidae)

A
  • Coati - self-trauma - check for 1y dermatological cause
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16
Q

Common health problems (ailuridae)

A
  • Lungworm -> angiostrongylus
  • High-risk species
  • Causes - pul granulomas + death
  • Grave Px once clinical disease evident
17
Q

Common health conditions (Herpestidae)

A
  • Neuropathies - wobbly gait, seizures, cerebral cholesterol granulomas + toxoplasmosis
  • Collect sample for toxoplasma serology + cholesterol assay
  • Dental disease - Fx, pulpitis, tartar + periodontal disease
18
Q

Welfare concerns (felidae)

A
  • Foot issues - damp/abrasive flooring - manage environment
  • Obesity - manage food intake + provide space for activity
  • Social group breakdown - lack of opportunity for male cubs to disperse
19
Q

Common conditions (felidae)

A
  • Wounds - generally heal
  • Cheetah - helicobacter gastritis, 2y renal amyloidosis
  • Geriatric cat diseases - chronic renal failure, neoplasia (lymphoma, osteosarcoma, melanoma)
20
Q

Common conditions (Binturong)

A
  • Diabetes mellitus
21
Q

Zoonoses (carnvivores)

A
  • Toxoplasma - felids
  • Tapeworm - canids
  • TB - large cats
  • Enteric bacteria - salmonella, E. coli
22
Q

Common medical concerns (equids - perissodactyls)

A
  • Zebras - wounds
  • Hoof overgrowth
  • Geriatric Przewalski’s horses
23
Q

Common anaesthetic procedures (equids - perissodactyls)

A
  • Foot trimming
  • Dental work
  • Radiographs
  • Blood sampling - routine screening prior to movement or geriatric
24
Q

Common problems with management (rhinoceritidae - perissodactyls)

A
  • Foot problems
  • Obesity
  • Sand colic - content in soil + low-land grazing
  • Corvid wounds/flystrike
  • Ovarian pathology - irregular cycling in captivity
  • Black rhino nutritional issues
  • Infertility - iron overload storage disease = hemochromatosis, anaemia - lysis of RBCs
  • Cheek gland inflammation (Indian rhino)
25
Q

Common anaesthetic procedures (rhinocerotidae - perissodactyls)

A
  • Debridement of foot cracks
  • US scanning of repro tract - oocyte/semen collection
  • Blood sample collection
  • Bronchoalveolar lavage sample collection
  • Pre-movement TB testing
26
Q

Common medical issues (tapiridae - perissodactyls)

A
  • Keratitis
  • Fly bites (ears)
  • Foot sores/cracks
  • Constipation/rectal prolapse
27
Q

Common anaesthetic procedures (tapiridae - perissodactyls)

A
  • Wound suturing - around face, thinner skin
  • Foot Tx
  • PRemovement TB testing

AAA VMS4007 (9 decks)

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