Widening of the Cold war (1949-1955) (5,6,7,8)

Question 1

What was GATT

Answer 1

General agreement on Tariffs and trade - maxmised international trade to help economies by reducing tariffs and duties.

Question 2

How did USA begin its “reverse course” and rebuild Japan?

Answer 2

Increased regulation of trade
price controls
more efficient taxation

The US did not punish Japan and instead developed it into a frim and politically stable democratic instituion (similar to what they did in Germany)

Question 3

What was the San Francisco Peace treaty?

Answer 3

treaty between Japan and the Allied powers (only ussr refused to sign)

Question 4

What did the (sanfran) treaty do?

Answer 4

-recognised the full sovereignity of Japan
-did not restrict Japan in any economic way.
-in return gave US unrestricted use of military bases in Japan

Question 5

Who was John F Dulles?

Answer 5

Dulles was Eisenhowers secretary of state and developed the idea of rollback -combatting communism instead of containing it!
-Massive retaliation

Question 6

Who was Jiang - Jieshi?

Answer 6

China’s Anti Communist leader.

Question 7

Who was Mao?

Answer 7

China’s communist leader. Estalished the PRC in 1949

Question 8

What was NSC-68

Answer 8

A document stressing the urgency of building the USA’s political,economic and military power.
Encouraged development of the hydrogen bomb.
Give more aid to allies.

Question 9

Why didnt USSR veto the US summoning the UN army to fight back the N koreans for the south?

Answer 9

They were boycotting as the PRC werent let in.

Question 10

Why did china respond by sending 250k troops into north korea?

Answer 10

Mcarthur(US MILITARY LEADER) took the piss and after getting to the 38th parralel decided to keep going.

Question 11

Why was McArthur dismissed?

Answer 11

After Chinese reinforcement recaptured Seuol he wanted to use the atom bomb on china and Truman dismissed him for insubordanation. Truman went back to a policy of containment.

Question 12

After China recaptured Seuol what happened?

Answer 12

The UN sent more troops and pushed them back to the 38th parallel reaching a stalemate. No compromise could be found.

Question 13

What was the impact of the Korean war?

Answer 13

The Korean War, which lasted from 1950 to 1953, resulted in a divided Korean Peninsula along the 38th parallel, solidifying the Cold War geopolitical landscape and contributing to a lasting military standoff between North and South Korea.

Question 14

Who was Kim Il sung?

Answer 14

North korean communist leader.

Question 15

Who was Syngman Rhee?

Answer 15

Had a long association with the USA (lived there for 40 years) was South Korean anti communist leader.

Question 16

What was McCarthyism?

Answer 16

McCarthyism refers to the anti-communist political and social movement in the United States.

It stated the US Govt werent being harsh enough and McCarthy exploited and fermented the anti communist anxieties at the time.

Question 17

What did McCarthyism pressure the Us goverment for?

Answer 17

To adopt a more direct “asia first policy”

He believed Europe was secure and the US now had to focus on Asia - this made Europe feel threatened as the US werent protecting them as much anymore.

Question 18

What was SEATO?

1954

Answer 18

South East Asia collective Defense Treaty

members: NZ,
THAI,
PHILI,
PAK,
GB,
FRA,
US,
AUS

provide a collective defence mechanism against communism in SE asia.

Question 19

Why was the Warsaw Pact formed (1955)

Answer 19

As a response to the West letting W Germany rearm and join NATO.

It legitamised Soviet influence in Eastern Europe.

Question 20

What was the NEW LOOK POLICY?

Eisenhower and Dulles - 1953

Answer 20

MASSIVE RETALIATION:
emphasized the threat of a massive and overwhelming nuclear response to any aggression by the Soviet Union or its allies.
BRINKMANSHIP
Reaching the verge of war without actually engaging in war was essential in effective foreign policy.

They saw Trumans policy as too expensive and prolonging the cold war (ineffective)

Question 21

What was the Geneva Conference?

Answer 21

The Geneva Conference of 1954, held to address the First Indochina War, resulted in the temporary partition of Vietnam along the 17th parallel, a ceasefire, and agreements for the independence of Laos and Cambodia.