why food shortage still occur Flashcards
why food shortages still occur
- —> physical
- —> political
- —> economic
- —> social
physical factors causing food shortage?
- —> climate change
- —> extreme weather events
- —> pests
climate change
it is the variation in the global climate in the long term
Temp
- —> high temp cause farmland to be too hot for farming
- —> lower yield
Shrinking of glaciers
- —> result in loss of water during dry season
- —> smaller harvests
climate change examples
Temp
- —> Yunnan, China
- —> yield of apples, cherries, walnuts, almond drop
- —> these crops need cooler temp
Glaciers
- —> Himalayan glaciers
- —> provide water for rivers in India & china during dry season
- —> glaciers could melt entirely by 2035
- —> loss of water for irrigation
extreme weather events
it is weather events that may cause loss of lives or damage to property
- —> droughts: reduce water supply
- —> cold waves, heat waves
- —> tropical cyclones: flooding of farmlands
extreme weather events examples
- —> Philliphines
- —> 2013
- —> Typhoon Nari
- —> destroyed rice & vegetables
- —> Australia
- —> cyclones
- —> damaged bananas & sugarcane
- —> cause shortage
- —> increase in price
pests
—-> damage food crops
pests examples
- —> Liberia
- —> 2009
- —> caterpillar invasion
- —> destroyed food crops
political factors?
- —> civil strife
- —> poor governance
civil strife
it is a situation in which a country faces major internal conflicts (riots, unrest, civil war)
- —> disputes over control of resources that affect food production
- —> resources destroyed
civil strife examples
- —> Sudan
- —> 2004 conflict
- —> farms laid with explosives
- —> farms abandoned
- —> shortage of farmers as they were drafted
poor governance
governance is the exercise of economic and political authority to manage country’s affairs
- —> corruption
- —> policy errors
- —> inability to implement policy
- —> prioritize other needs of country
- —> farmers left with smaller land for farming
poor governance example
- —> India
- —> 2010
- —> 40 000 villagers deprived of land for farming
- —> due to development of mining, steel plant and port
economic factors?
- —> demand from emerging countries
- —> food policy
- —> conversion of farmland to industrial crop production
- —> soaring costs of fertilisers & transport
demand from emerging economies
- —> high demand of food in rising countries
- —> this demand depletes food
demand from emerging economies examples
- —> BRIC
- —> Brazil, Russia, India, China
- —> high increase in food demand
- —> food products like meat & dairy products
- —> caused food shortage in poorer countries
soaring cost of fertiliser and transport
- —> price of fertiliser ↑
- —> cost of producing food ↑
- —> price of food ↑
- —> price of fuel ↑
- —> transport costs ↑
- —> price of food ↑
soaring costs of fertiliser & transport examples
- —> March 2011
- —> world crude oil ↑ by 10.3%
- —> Kazakhstan
- —> major producer of wheat
- —> ↑ in the price of wheat exported to neighboring countries like Tajikistan
conversion of farmland to industrial crop production
- —> growing crops for industrial use more profitable than growing food crops
- —> farmers convert farmland to grow crops for biofuels
- —> biofuels: fuels that derive energy from biological C instead of fossil fuels like coal
- —> biofuel crops include corn sugarcane and palm oil
